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학습 자료 둘러보기 →The most critical adverse effect of opioid therapy is opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min with shallow breathing signifies a compromised airway and requires immediate intervention per the ABC framework.
Sedation is a precursor to OIRD. Use a validated sedation scale (e.g., Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale) with every assessment. A patient who is drowsy but easily arousable is at an acceptable level of sedation, whereas a patient who is somnolent or difficult to arouse is at high risk.
Do not rely on pulse oximetry alone. Capnography provides the earliest detection of hypoventilation. If respiratory depression occurs, the first action is to stimulate the patient and call for help, followed by administering naloxone as prescribed.
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