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학습 자료 둘러보기 →The most critical adverse effect of full opioid agonists like morphine is respiratory depression, caused by action on the brainstem's mu-opioid receptors. A respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min with a shallow pattern indicates severe ventilatory compromise and requires immediate intervention.
Prioritize assessment using the ABC framework. Sedation precedes respiratory depression, so a decreased level of consciousness is a critical early warning sign. Never ignore a falling respiratory rate; it can rapidly progress to apnea and cardiac arrest.
A respiratory rate below 10 breaths/min in an adult receiving opioids is a medical emergency. Prepare to administer the antagonist naloxone immediately, titrated to restore adequate ventilation without reversing all analgesia.
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