Kawasaki Disease

A 5-year-old child with Kawasaki disease in the acute phase has developed coronary artery aneurysms confirmed by echocardiography. The child's temperature is 102.8°F (39.3°C), heart rate 130 bpm, and appears irritable with persistent fever. The parents ask about fever management. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A 4-year-old child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is currently in the acute phase of the illness. The child has been hospitalized for 5 days and has developed coronary artery aneurysms as confirmed by echocardiography. Current vital signs show temperature 102.8°F (39.3°C), heart rate 130 bpm, respiratory rate 28/min, and blood pressure 95/60 mmHg. The child appears irritable and has persistent fever despite ongoing treatment. The parents are concerned about the high fever and are asking the nurse about giving acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help reduce their child's temperature and discomfort.

1 Administer ibuprofen as ordered to reduce fever and inflammation
2 Apply cooling blankets and tepid sponge baths to reduce body temperature
3 Administer acetaminophen as ordered and avoid aspirin and ibuprofen ✓ 정답
4 Encourage increased fluid intake and monitor for signs of dehydration

해설

Acetaminophen is preferred for fever management in Kawasaki disease with coronary aneurysms to avoid bleeding risks from NSAIDs like ibuprofen, as these children often receive anticoagulant therapy. Other options are less appropriate due to potential harm or insufficient focus on medication safety.

같은 주제 다음 문제A 3-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a 5-day history of high fever. T…이 문제가 수록된 문제집[개념+기출] 엔클렉스(NCLEX), 이거 하나면 됩니다69,000원

Clinical Context and Pathophysiology
This child is in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute systemic vasculitis that predominantly affects medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. The presence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) confirmed on echocardiography indicates significant vascular inflammation and endothelial damage. In untreated cases, CAAs may develop in up to 25% of patients, making KD the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children ^[4]. The persistent fever at 102.8°F (39.3°C) reflects ongoing systemic inflammation, which further increases the risk of thrombotic complications within the damaged coronary vessels.

Rationale for Medication Selection
The core therapeutic goal during the acute phase of KD is to reduce inflammation with high-dose aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Once CAAs have developed, antiplatelet therapy becomes critical to prevent thrombosis within the aneurysmal segments. Acetaminophen is the preferred antipyretic and analgesic agent in this scenario because it effectively reduces fever and discomfort without interfering with platelet function. In contrast, ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase and impair platelet aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding and counteract the intended antiplatelet effect of aspirin. Administering acetaminophen as ordered while strictly avoiding aspirin and ibuprofen is therefore the safest and most appropriate nursing action.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Administering ibuprofen (Option 1) would compromise the antiplatelet regimen essential for preventing coronary thrombosis. Applying cooling blankets and tepid sponge baths (Option 2) may cause shivering and vasoconstriction, which can paradoxically raise core body temperature and increase metabolic demand; external cooling does not address the underlying inflammatory process and is not recommended in KD. While encouraging fluid intake and monitoring for dehydration (Option 4) is an important supportive measure, it does not directly address the parents' specific concern about fever management. The priority intervention is pharmacologic fever reduction with a safe agent that does not antagonize necessary antiplatelet therapy.

Clinical Correlation with Platelet Activity
Children with KD, especially those who develop CAAs, often exhibit significant alterations in platelet parameters, including extreme thrombocytosis during the subacute phase . Elevated platelet counts and increased platelet activation contribute to a hypercoagulable state within the aneurysmal coronary arteries. This pathophysiologic mechanism underscores why meticulous attention to medication selection is critical. Any agent that further disrupts hemostasis, such as ibuprofen, can tip the balance toward either thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications. The nurse must recognize that fever management in this context is not simply about temperature reduction; it is about selecting an intervention that preserves the therapeutic antiplatelet environment necessary to protect the child's coronary circulation.

References (research sources)

[4]
Advance in the Kawasaki disease related coronary artery aneurysms: knowledge mapping, trends, and research frontiers.Research articleChen Y, Zheng J, Wang H, Wu Z. (2026) · DOI: 10.1186/s13019-026-04166-x

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