Key Clinical Triad: Sudden onset of respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse, and coagulopathy (DIC) during labor, delivery, or immediate postpartum period.
Immediate Nursing Actions
- Initiate a rapid response and activate the massive transfusion protocol.
- Administer high-flow oxygen (non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min) and prepare for immediate intubation.
- Position the patient in a left lateral tilt to relieve aortocaval compression and optimize cardiac output.
- Establish two large-bore intravenous lines for fluid resuscitation and blood product administration.
Confirmatory Assessment
- Monitor for signs of DIC: oozing from IV sites, petechiae, hematuria, or uterine atony with massive hemorrhage.
- Send STAT labs: complete blood count, coagulation panel (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen), and D-dimer. A rapidly falling fibrinogen level is a critical marker.
Multidisciplinary Management
- Prepare for emergent cesarean delivery if the patient is undelivered and in cardiac arrest (perimortem cesarean).
- Administer blood products (packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelets) guided by point-of-care testing.
- Support hemodynamics with vasopressors as ordered; avoid excessive crystalloid to prevent dilutional coagulopathy.