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학습 자료 둘러보기 →The most reliable indicator of delirium is an acute change in mental status, developing over hours to days, with a core feature of fluctuating attention and awareness. This is distinct from the gradual, progressive decline over months to years seen in dementia.
When an older adult presents with new behavioral changes, always differentiate between a chronic, progressive course and an acute, fluctuating one. An acute onset over 48 hours is a medical emergency and necessitates a search for an underlying physiological cause, such as infection, electrolyte imbalance, or medication toxicity.
Delirium can be superimposed on pre-existing dementia. Any sudden, unexplained worsening of cognition in a patient with dementia should be treated as delirium until proven otherwise. Do not attribute an acute change to the chronic condition.
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