Shock & Perfusion Management

A 55-year-old female is admitted with cardiogenic shock following an acute myocardial infarction. The patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, heart rate is 110 bpm, and urine output has decreased to 15 mL/hr over the past 2 hours. Which nursing intervention should be the priority?

1 Administer a fluid bolus of 500 mL normal saline
2 Increase the oxygen flow rate to 6 L/min via nasal cannula
3 Position the patient in Trendelenburg position
4 Prepare for inotropic medication administration as ordered ✓ 정답

해설

In cardiogenic shock, inotropic medications are priority to improve myocardial contractility and cardiac output. Fluids or positioning may worsen pulmonary edema and are contraindicated as initial interventions.

같은 주제 다음 문제A nurse is caring for a patient in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction…이 문제가 수록된 문제집[개념+기출] 엔클렉스(NCLEX), 이거 하나면 됩니다69,000원

Understanding the Priority
The patient is exhibiting classic signs of cardiogenic shock: severe hypotension (80/50 mmHg), compensatory tachycardia (110 bpm), and critically decreased urine output (15 mL/hr) indicating poor end-organ perfusion. The underlying pathophysiology is pump failure following an acute myocardial infarction, not volume loss. Therefore, the priority is to improve cardiac output and tissue perfusion directly.

Analysis of Options
- Option 1 (Administer a fluid bolus): This intervention is the cornerstone of managing hypovolemic shock, where the primary problem is a loss of circulating volume ^[1]. In cardiogenic shock, the heart is already failing as a pump. Aggressive fluid administration can easily overwhelm the compromised left ventricle, leading to pulmonary edema and worsening the patient's respiratory and hemodynamic status. This is not the priority and could be harmful.
- Option 2 (Increase oxygen flow rate): While optimizing oxygenation is an important supportive measure, increasing the flow rate via nasal cannula will not correct the core issue of inadequate cardiac output and systemic perfusion. This is a supportive, not a primary, intervention for the immediate crisis of pump failure.
- Option 3 (Trendelenburg position): This position is historically used to promote venous return in hypotensive states. However, in cardiogenic shock, it is contraindicated. It increases venous return to a failing right heart, increases intrathoracic pressure, and can worsen cardiac workload and pulmonary congestion without improving cardiac output.
- Option 4 (Prepare for inotropic medication administration): This is the correct priority. The primary problem is the heart's inability to pump effectively. Inotropic agents (e.g., dobutamine, milrinone) directly increase myocardial contractility, thereby improving stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. When pharmacological support fails, this same principle of directly supporting the pump escalates to mechanical circulatory support strategies, such as venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), which provides hemodynamic stabilization for patients in severe, refractory cardiogenic shock ^[2]. The nurse's priority is to anticipate and prepare for this definitive pharmacological therapy to restore perfusion.

References (research sources)

[1]
Best evidence for fluid resuscitation nursing in hypovolemic shock patients in emergency care based on GRADE system.Research articleWang Y, Lin J, Lin Y. (2026) · DOI: 10.2478/abm-2026-0009
[2]
A Contemporary Guide of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock.Research articleChau VQ, Kalapurakal G, Imamura T, Chung BB, Loberg S, Beckett A, Tatooles AJ, Narang N. (2025) · DOI: 10.3390/jcdd12120475

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A 55-year-old female is admitted with cardiogenic shock following an acute myocardial infarction. The patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, heart rate is 110 bpm, and urine output has decreased to 15 mL/hr over the past 2 hours. Which nursing intervention should be the priority?

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