Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Long-term complications can affect multiple organ systems, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and visual systems. Management includes lifestyle modifications, blood glucose monitoring, and often medication.
임상 시나리오
Diabetes:
- Types: Type 1 (autoimmune), Type 2 (insulin resistance), Gestational
- Symptoms: polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss
- Complications: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease
- Diagnostic tests: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test
- Treatment options: insulin therapy, oral medications, diet control, exercise
- Risk factors: obesity, family history, sedentary lifestyle, age
- Prevention: healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management
- Monitoring: blood glucose levels, HbA1c every 3-6 months
- Associated conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia
- Emergency complications: diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
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