Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Long-term complications can affect multiple organ systems, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and visual systems. Management includes lifestyle modifications, blood glucose monitoring, and often medication.
임상 시나리오
Diabetes
- A chronic metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar regulation
- Two main types: Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 (insulin resistance)
- Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, blurred vision
- Risk factors: obesity, physical inactivity, family history, age, ethnicity
- Complications: cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy
- Diagnostic tests: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test
- Treatment options: insulin therapy, oral medications, lifestyle changes
- Prevention strategies: healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management
- Long-term monitoring: blood glucose levels, kidney function, eye exams
- Associated conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome
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