A 6-month-old infant with hydrocephalus has a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placed. The parents ask the nurse about signs that would indicate shunt malfunction. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

• 1 Monitor for decreased appetite and increased sleeping, as these are early signs of shunt malfunction
• 2 Watch for fever and redness around the shunt site, which indicate infection rather than malfunction
• 3 Observe for vomiting, irritability, and changes in the anterior fontanelle, as these indicate increased intracranial pressure. ✓ 정답
• 4 Check for clear fluid drainage from the ears, which suggests cerebrospinal fluid leakage

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