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학습 자료 둘러보기 →In clients with advanced dementia, pain often manifests as agitation, restlessness, or moaning rather than a verbal report. New-onset behavioral changes should trigger a pain assessment first.
Use observational scales like PAINAD (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia) which evaluates breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language, and consolability. A score of ≥2 often indicates pain.
Never assume agitation is purely psychiatric in dementia. Rule out physiological causes (pain, infection, constipation) first. Untreated pain accelerates functional decline.
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