The patient's heart demonstrates ______ filling pattern on echocardiogram, indicating severe diastolic dysfunction.
1restrictive✓ 정답
2constrictive
3impaired
4abnormal
5delayed
해설
A restrictive filling pattern seen on echocardiogram indicates severe diastolic dysfunction, where the ventricle becomes stiff and resistant to filling. This pattern shows rapid early filling followed by minimal late filling, characteristic of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Diastolic Dysfunction:
- Grades: I (mild), II (moderate), III (severe/restrictive), IV (irreversible)
- Echocardiographic patterns:
* E/A ratio > 2
* Decreased deceleration time (DT < 160ms)
* Increased E velocity
* Reduced A velocity
Restrictive Filling Pattern:
- Hallmarks:
* Rapid early filling (high E wave)
* Reduced late filling (low A wave)
* Short deceleration time
* High E/e' ratio (>15)
Treatment Approaches:
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Beta blockers
- Treatment of underlying cause
- Heart failure management
핵심 개념
restrictive — A condition where the heart muscle becomes stiff and resistant to normal filling, characterized by rapid early filling followed by minimal late filling during diastole
constrictive — A condition where the heart is compressed or squeezed by the surrounding tissue, typically due to inflammation or scarring of the pericardium
impaired — A general term indicating compromised or reduced function, not specific to any particular filling pattern
abnormal — A non-specific term indicating deviation from normal cardiac filling patterns without specifying the type of dysfunction
delayed — A pattern where cardiac filling occurs later than normal timing, but does not specifically indicate the severe diastolic dysfunction pattern