During cardiac auscultation, the nurse hears an abnormal heart sound between S1 and S2, indicating possible mitral valve ______.
Grey's Anatomy Season 5 Episode 12
1regurgitation✓ 정답
2stenosis
3prolapse
4insufficiency
5dysfunction
해설
Regurgitation refers to the backward flow of blood through the mitral valve. This creates a characteristic murmur heard between S1 and S2 during systole, when the valve should normally be preventing backward flow.
1. S1 (First Heart Sound)
- Occurs at onset of ventricular contraction
- Represents closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
- Best heard at apex of heart
2. S2 (Second Heart Sound)
- Occurs at end of ventricular contraction
- Represents closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
- Best heard at base of heart
3. Mitral Regurgitation
- Systolic murmur
- Backward flow from left ventricle to left atrium
- Holosystolic/pansystolic murmur
- Radiation to axilla
- Grade 1-6 intensity
regurgitation — A condition where blood flows backward through a heart valve due to incomplete closure, causing abnormal flow in the opposite direction of normal blood flow
stenosis — A condition characterized by abnormal narrowing of a heart valve opening, restricting blood flow through the valve
prolapse — A condition where heart valve leaflets bulge or fall backward into the cardiac chamber, potentially causing incomplete closure
insufficiency — A condition where a heart valve fails to close properly, leading to inadequate function and backward flow of blood
dysfunction — A general term referring to impaired or abnormal functioning of a heart valve, encompassing various types of valve problems