一位48歲急性骨髓性白血病病人,在接受誘導化療後第10天。12小時前就診時,病人出現新的寒顫和異常虛弱,絕對嗜中性球計數180/mm3,體溫38.4°C (101.1°F),血壓92/54 mm Hg(基準值118/70 mm Hg),心率118次/分,呼吸速率22次/分,室內空氣下血氧飽和度96%,乳酸2.8 mmol/L,肌酸酐0.8 mg/dL。已從中央靜脈導管和周邊靜脈抽血培養,並開始靜脈注射cefepime。中央導管置入處無紅斑或滲液,病人本週有2次稀便。現在,12小時後,兩套血液培養均長出ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae,報告對cefepime和meropenem敏感。血壓為98/58 mm Hg,肌酸酐上升至1.7 mg/dL。請完成圖表,選出病人最可能經歷的狀況、護理師應採取的2項措施以處理該狀況,以及護理師應監測的2項參數以評估病人進展。
1IDSA Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative InfectionsCarbapenems are preferred for ESBL infections outside the urinary tract; cefepime is not recommended even if susceptible.
2ASCO/IDSA Guideline: Outpatient Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Adults With CancerFebrile neutropenia is a medical emergency requiring prompt empiric antibiotics and assessment.
案例更新就診後十二小時,一位深度嗜中性球低下且正在使用cefepime的病人,兩套血液培養均長出ESBL-producing Klebsiella;血壓為98/58 mm Hg,肌酸酐從0.8上升至1.7 mg/dL。