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一位患有糖尿病酮酸中毒的成人，在開始胰島素前有脫水及低血清鉀。完成初始治療順序。

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Initial treatment should include ::선택::oral fluid onlyroutine sodium bicarbonate as the first interventionintravenous crystalloid and assessment of the precipitating causefluid restriction. Because potassium is 3.2 mmol/L, the nurse should ::선택::start insulin immediately without potassiumignore the value because DKA always causes hyperkalemiagive a loop diureticreplace potassium and delay insulin until potassium rises above 3.5 mmol/L. Afterward, care includes ::선택::insulin with frequent glucose, ketone, electrolyte, renal, and acid-base monitoringinsulin without laboratory reassessmentsubcutaneous long-acting insulin as the only emergency treatmentstopping treatment when urine glucose becomes negative; when glucose falls below about 250 mg/dL, the team should ::선택::stop insulin even if ketosis persistsadd dextrose and continue insulin until ketoacidosis resolvesremove cardiac monitoringgive additional glucose-free fluid only.

初始治療應包括 ::선택::僅口服液體常規碳酸氫鈉作為第一項介入靜脈輸注晶體液及評估誘發原因限制液體。因為鉀為3.2 mmol/L，護理師應 ::선택::立即開始胰島素而不補充鉀忽略此數值，因為DKA總是引起高血鉀給予環利尿劑補充鉀並延遲胰島素直到鉀升高至3.5 mmol/L以上。之後，照護包括 ::선택::胰島素並頻繁監測血糖、酮體、電解質、腎功能及酸鹼狀態胰島素而不重新評估實驗室數據皮下長效胰島素作為唯一的急診治療當尿液葡萄糖轉為陰性即停止治療；當血糖降至約250 mg/dL以下時，團隊應 ::선택::即使酮症持續仍停止胰島素加入葡萄糖並繼續胰島素直到酮酸中毒緩解移除心臟監測僅給予額外無葡萄糖液體。

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