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6歲兒童因新發腎病症候群入院：蛋白尿4+、血清白蛋白1.8 g/dL、眼周與下肢水腫、1週體重增3 kg。哪些護理介入適當？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Implement infection prevention measures — meticulous hand hygiene, avoid sick contacts, prompt fever evaluation; nephrotic patients are immunocompromised due to urinary loss of immunoglobulins. 感染預防措施 — 嚴格手部衛生、避免接觸感染者、發燒立即評估；腎病症候群病人因尿中流失免疫球蛋白而處於免疫低下狀態。 2 Restrict dietary protein intake to less than 0.8 g/kg/day to decrease proteinuria and reduce renal workload, as high protein intake exacerbates protein losses. 將飲食蛋白質攝取限制在低於每日每公斤體重0.8克，以減少蛋白尿並降低腎臟負荷，因為高蛋白攝取會加劇蛋白質流失。 3 Monitor strict intake and output, daily weight at the same time and scale, and abdominal girth daily. 嚴格監測I&O、每日同時間同體重計量體重、每日腹圍。 4 Administer prescribed corticosteroids (prednisone) and educate the family about expected side effects (weight gain, mood changes, hypertension, growth delay) and the need for slow tapering — never abrupt discontinuation. 給予醫囑之類固醇(prednisone)並教導家屬預期副作用(體重增加、情緒變化、高血壓、生長遲滯)以及需緩慢減量、不可突然停藥。 5 Provide skin care including frequent repositioning and gentle handling — edematous skin is fragile and breaks down easily. 皮膚照護包括頻繁翻身與輕柔處理 — 水腫性皮膚脆弱易破損。

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