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精神科住院單位之病人變得越來越躁動 — 來回踱步、提高音量、握緊拳頭但目前未出手攻擊。哪些去激化行動護理師應執行？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Provide adequate personal space (at least an arm's length plus), do not block the exit, and ensure both you and the patient have a clear path out of the room. 提供足夠個人空間(至少一臂以上)、不擋住出口，並確保自己與病人均有清楚之出路。 2 Maintain a calm, low tone of voice and use simple, brief, non-confrontational language; offer the patient choices to restore a sense of control. 維持平靜低沉之聲調，使用簡單、簡短、非對抗性之語言；提供病人選擇以恢復控制感。 3 Apply physical restraints immediately to prevent escalation, as verbal de-escalation is unlikely to be effective once the patient is pacing and clenching fists. 立即使用身體約束以防止情況升級，因為一旦病人開始踱步並握緊拳頭，言語安撫就不太可能有效。 4 Offer PRN medication (such as oral lorazepam) per protocol with the goal of voluntary acceptance, framing it as help rather than control. 依流程提供PRN藥物(如口服lorazepam)以自願接受為目標，將其定位為協助而非控制。 5 Move other patients away to reduce stimulation, request additional staff support quietly, and keep the team visible at a safe distance for backup. 將其他病人移開以減少刺激，安靜要求額外人力支援，並讓團隊於安全距離可見以為後援。

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