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一位護理師正在對一名48歲、新診斷為第2型糖尿病（糖化血色素A1c 7.6%，身體質量指數BMI 31）的個案提供初次衛教。護理師應納入哪些生活型態介入措施？（請選出所有適用的選項）

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1 Include resistance/strength training at least 2 days per week and limit sedentary time, breaking up long sitting with brief walking every 30 minutes. 每週至少2日加入阻力/肌力訓練並限制久坐時間，每30分鐘以短暫散步打斷長時間久坐。 2 Use carbohydrate counting or the plate method (1/2 plate non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 lean protein, 1/4 starch) to control postprandial glucose. 使用碳水化合物計算或盤子法(1/2盤非澱粉蔬菜、1/4瘦蛋白、1/4澱粉)控制餐後血糖。 3 Avoid whole fruits such as bananas, grapes, and melons, as their natural sugar content can raise blood sugar more than other carbohydrate sources. 避免食用香蕉、葡萄和甜瓜等完整水果，因為它們的天然糖分含量比其他碳水化合物來源更容易升高血糖。 4 Aim for 5 to 10 percent body weight loss in the first year — even modest weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and A1c. 第一年減重5至10% — 即使適度減重亦能改善胰島素敏感度與A1c。 5 Aim for at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, spread over at least 3 days, with no more than 2 consecutive days without exercise. 每週至少150分鐘中強度有氧活動，分散於至少3日，不可連續2日以上不運動。

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