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一位末期腎病病人接受左前臂動靜脈瘻管建立手術，作為未來血液透析的血管通路，目前為術後第一天。哪些護理評估與介入措施是適當的？請選擇所有適用選項。

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1 Auscultate for a bruit and palpate for a thrill over the fistula every shift and as needed; absence of either suggests fistula thrombosis and requires immediate provider notification. 每班與必要時聽診瘻管雜音與觸診震顫；任一缺失提示瘻管血栓需立即通報醫師。 2 Encourage hand-grip exercises (for example, squeezing a soft ball) starting 1 to 2 weeks after surgery to promote fistula maturation. 術後1至2週起鼓勵握力運動(如握軟球)以促進瘻管成熟。 3 Place a "no BP, no venipuncture, no IV" sign over the bed for the affected extremity, alert all staff, and band the patient. 於患肢床邊放置「禁止測血壓、禁止抽血、禁止打點滴」標示、通知所有人員，並為病人配戴識別腕帶。 4 Assess for signs of steal syndrome — distal extremity pallor, coolness, pain, paresthesia, or weak pulse — and notify the provider immediately if present. 評估有無竊血症候群 — 遠端肢體蒼白、冰冷、疼痛、感覺異常或脈搏微弱 — 若出現需立即通報醫師。 5 Elevate the affected arm on two pillows and apply a snug circumferential dressing every 8 hours to minimize edema and protect the fistula site from infection. 將患側手臂抬高置於兩個枕頭上，並每8小時使用緊密環狀敷料，以減輕水腫並保護瘻管部位避免感染。

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