Management of Care

護理師正導入I-PASS結構化交班工具。一份有效之I-PASS交班應包含哪些要素？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Illness severity — explicitly state whether the patient is stable, "watcher," or unstable so the receiving nurse can prioritize. 疾病嚴重度 — 明示病人為穩定、「需密切觀察」或不穩定，使接班護理師能訂定優先順序。 2 Synthesis by the receiver — the receiving nurse summarizes back, asks questions, and confirms the plan before the handoff is complete. 接收者整合 — 接班護理師摘要、提問並於交班結束前確認計畫。 3 Action list — clearly defined to-dos with the responsible person and timeframe (for example, "RN to draw 0700 trough"). 行動清單 — 明確訂出責任人與時程之to-do（例：「由RN於0700抽血trough」）。 4 Patient summary — concise overview including diagnosis, key events of the shift, and current plan of care. 病人摘要 — 簡潔涵蓋診斷、本班重大事件與目前照護計畫之概覽。 5 Personal opinions about the patient or family that the receiving nurse may find useful, even if not part of the chart. 即使未紀錄於病歷上，亦對接班護理師可能有用之關於病人或家屬之個人意見。

解析

I-PASS = Illness severity, Patient summary, Action list, Situation awareness/contingency, Synthesis by receiver。選項5（個人意見）不專業且超出結構化交班範圍 — 交班傳遞臨床事實，而非未經驗證之判斷。最後整合步驟為I-PASS之實證核心：研究顯示接收者主動覆述與整合可減少30%可預防之不良事件。

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護理師正導入I-PASS結構化交班工具。一份有效之I-PASS交班應包含哪些要素？請選擇所有適用項目。

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