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長期服用鋰鹽之雙極性I型病人因病毒性疾病連續嘔吐與腹瀉數日後至急診。血清鋰1.7 mEq/L。適當之臨床所見與護理行動為何？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Hold the next lithium dose and notify the provider; therapeutic range is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L and 1.7 represents mild-to-moderate toxicity. 暫停下一劑鋰並通報醫師；治療範圍0.6-1.2，1.7屬輕至中度中毒。 2 Anticipate hemodialysis if serum lithium reaches or exceeds 2.5 mEq/L or if neurologic findings progress despite supportive care. 若血清鋰達或超過2.5 mEq/L或支持治療下神經徵象惡化，預期執行血液透析。 3 Increase oral fluid intake (and IV isotonic fluids if dehydrated) to support renal lithium excretion. 增加口服水分（脫水時靜脈等張溶液）以協助腎臟排出鋰鹽。 4 Assess for coarse tremor, ataxia, slurred speech, confusion, and muscle twitching as classic toxicity findings. 評估粗大顫抖、共濟失調、口齒不清、意識混亂、肌肉抽搐等典型中毒表現。 5 Recommend a low-sodium diet because reducing dietary sodium intake will increase the kidneys' ability to excrete lithium. 建議低鈉飲食，因為減少鈉攝取可增加腎臟對lithium的排泄能力。

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