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一名肝硬化合併第2級肝性腦病變病人開始使用乳果糖。哪些護理行動反映適當管理？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Reorient frequently, place a clock and calendar in view, and limit overnight stimulation to support neurocognitive recovery. 頻繁進行再定向，將時鐘與日曆置於視線範圍，限制夜間刺激以支持神經認知恢復。 2 Assess for asterixis (flapping tremor) and changes in level of consciousness at least every 4 hours to detect worsening encephalopathy. 至少每4小時評估撲翼樣震顫（asterixis）與意識程度變化，以偵測病情惡化。 3 Monitor serum ammonia trends and electrolytes — particularly potassium — given that lactulose-induced losses can precipitate hypokalemia. 監測血氨趨勢與電解質（尤其K+），因乳果糖造成的流失可導致低鉀血症。 4 Restrict dietary protein intake to minimal levels long-term to reduce ammonia production and prevent recurrent encephalopathy. 長期限制飲食蛋白質攝取至最低量，以減少氨的產生並預防復發性腦病變。 5 Titrate lactulose to achieve 2 to 3 soft stools per day, not loose explosive diarrhea, to balance ammonia clearance against fluid and electrolyte loss. 以每日2-3次軟便為目標調整乳果糖，避免爆發性腹瀉，以平衡氨清除與水電解質流失。

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