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52歲病人因嚴重急性胰臟炎入院。脂肪酶1,800 U/L，腹痛9/10。哪些護理行動可支持早期辨識嚴重病程並降低併發症風險？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Administer prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics to every pancreatitis patient on admission to prevent pancreatic abscess. 入院時對每位胰臟炎病人投與廣效預防性抗生素以防胰臟膿瘍。 2 Monitor for Cullen sign (periumbilical ecchymosis) and Grey-Turner sign (flank ecchymosis) which indicate retroperitoneal hemorrhage. 監測提示後腹膜出血之Cullen徵象（臍周瘀斑）與Grey-Turner徵象（側腹瘀斑）。 3 Initiate aggressive isotonic fluid resuscitation, for example lactated Ringer 5 to 10 mL/kg per hour, with an hourly urine output target of at least 0.5 mL/kg per hour. 啟動積極等張溶液復甦（如LR 5-10 mL/kg/小時），目標每小時尿量≥ 0.5 mL/kg。 4 Maintain strict NPO and place an NG tube to low intermittent suction if there is persistent vomiting or ileus. 若有持續嘔吐或腸阻塞，維持嚴格NPO並插鼻胃管低壓間歇抽吸。 5 Trend serial labs over 48 hours (WBC, BUN, hematocrit, calcium, glucose, base deficit, AST, LDH) to apply Ranson criteria for severity prognostication. 48小時內連續追蹤檢驗（WBC、BUN、血容比、鈣、血糖、鹼缺、AST、LDH）以套用Ranson準則預估嚴重度。

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