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學校護理師使用 HEEADSSS 心理社會評估，與一名 16 歲青少年進行保密的健康訪視。哪些降低風險的行動是適當的？請選擇所有適用項目。

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1 Explain confidentiality and its limits at the start, including required action for imminent danger or suspected abuse 在開始時說明保密原則及其限制，包括面臨迫切危險或疑似虐待時必須採取的行動 2 Require a parent or guardian to remain for the complete interview so that answers to psychosocial questions can be confirmed and recorded with the adult present 要求父母或監護人全程留在會談中，以便在成人陪同下確認並記錄心理社會問題的答案 3 Wait for the adolescent to initiate any discussion of sexually transmitted infections and contraception because raising these subjects during routine screening could cause discomfort 等待青少年主動提出任何關於性傳染病和避孕的討論，因為在常規篩檢期間提出這些主題可能會引起不適 4 Provide age-appropriate counseling on tobacco, vaping, alcohol, and substance use with motivational interviewing 使用動機式會談提供關於菸品、電子煙、酒精和物質使用的適齡諮商 5 Screen for depression and suicide risk with a validated tool and establish a safety plan and referral when indicated 使用經驗證的工具篩檢憂鬱和自殺風險，並在需要時建立安全計畫和轉介 6 Counsel on seat belt use, avoiding impaired driving or riding, and not texting while driving 諮商有關安全帶使用、避免酒駕或乘坐酒駕者的車輛，以及開車時不傳簡訊

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