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一名護理師照顧接受舒適導向臨終照護的78歲病人。成年子女在床邊表達不知所措。為支持家屬,護理師應實施哪些介入?(複選)

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1 Encourage family members to talk to and touch the client even if unresponsive 即使無反應仍鼓勵家屬與病人說話、握手 2 Provide privacy with a quiet environment and comfortable seating 安靜環境與舒適座椅以維護隱私 3 Explain expected end-of-life signs such as mottling, breathing changes, and decreased urine output 說明預期之臨終徵象(花斑、呼吸變化、尿量減少) 4 Encourage anticipatory grief work including sharing memories and saying goodbyes 鼓勵預期性悲傷工作,如分享回憶與道別 5 Limit visiting hours to once daily for 30 minutes to allow the client to rest 為讓病人休息將探視限制為每日1次30分鐘 6 Offer chaplain, bereavement counselor, or culturally appropriate spiritual support 提供關懷師、悲傷諮商或符合文化之靈性支持

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