# Situation: The nurse coordinator of a hospital's bone health clinic plans an 8-session education program for 40 postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Most of the women are older adults, and several care for grandchildren at home. The program aims to reduce falls and fractures. Before planning, the nurse wants the in-depth views and feelings of a small group of the women, brought out through interaction among the members. Which needs assessment method fits this purpose?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630546  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice IV — Care of Clients with Problems in Nutrition and Gastrointestinal, Metabolism and Endocrine, Perception and Coordination

## 문제

Situation: The nurse coordinator of a hospital's bone health clinic plans an 8-session education program for 40 postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Most of the women are older adults, and several care for grandchildren at home. The program aims to reduce falls and fractures.

Before planning, the nurse wants the in-depth views and feelings of a small group of the women, brought out through interaction among the members. Which needs assessment method fits this purpose?

## 보기

1. Questionnaire survey
2. Community forum
3. Focus group discussion **✔ 정답**
4. Nominal group technique

**정답: 3**

## 해설

Needs assessment methods differ in depth and breadth. A focus group discussion gives depth through interaction in a small group, a community forum gives breadth, a survey gives quantitative data, and the nominal group technique gives structured, ranked ideas.

## 심화 해설

The method that fits the purpose
The nurse wants the in-depth views and feelings of a small group of women, brought out through interaction among the members. Each part of that purpose points to a focus group discussion. A focus group brings together a small number of participants, often about six to twelve, who share a common characteristic, here postmenopausal women with low bone mass. A facilitator guides the talk with open-ended questions. As members respond to one another, they reveal attitudes, beliefs, fears, and experiences that individual questionnaires rarely capture. This qualitative depth helps the nurse design sessions that fit what the women actually think and feel.

Comparing needs assessment methods
Needs assessment methods differ in depth and breadth. Choosing the right one depends on the question the planner wants answered.

| Method | Gives | Group interaction |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Focus group discussion | Depth: views, feelings, attitudes | High, among a small group |
| Community forum | Breadth: input from many stakeholders | Open meeting, less depth |
| Questionnaire survey | Quantitative data from many people | None |
| Nominal group technique | Structured, ranked priorities | Limited; ideas generated silently, then ranked |

Why the other methods are wrong
A questionnaire survey collects data from many people efficiently and can be counted, but it lacks group interaction and gives little depth about feelings. A community forum is an open meeting where many residents or stakeholders voice concerns; it gives breadth rather than in-depth exploration of a small group. The nominal group technique asks members to write ideas silently, share them in turn, and then rank them; it yields a list of priorities, and interaction is deliberately limited to keep influential members from dominating.

Application to the bone health program
For older women, some of whom care for grandchildren, a focus group could reveal barriers such as fear of falling, limited time, or beliefs about exercise and calcium. These insights shape content, timing, and teaching methods. A survey might be added later to measure how common these views are across all 40 participants.

Exam takeaway
Key point In-depth views of a small group through interaction = focus group discussion. Breadth = community forum; numbers = survey; ranked priorities = nominal group technique.

## 임상 시나리오

Choosing a Needs Assessment MethodDepth versus breadth
A focus group discussion gathers the in-depth views and feelings of a small group through interaction guided by a facilitator.

A community forum gathers broad input from many people, a survey gives quantitative data, and the nominal group technique produces ranked priorities with limited interaction.

For the bone health program, a focus group can reveal fears, beliefs, and barriers that shape the sessions.

CautionMatch the method to the question. Do not use a survey when you need feelings and attitudes explored in depth.

## 핵심 개념

- **Focus group discussion** — A guided discussion with a small group that draws out in-depth views through member interaction.
- **Community forum** — An open public meeting that gathers broad input from many community members.
- **Nominal group technique** — A structured method in which members generate ideas silently and then rank them.
- **Needs assessment** — A systematic process of identifying the health needs of a population before planning a program.

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