# Situation: A 34-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after an intentional overdose of an unknown drug with aspiration of gastric contents. He is intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. The consultation–liaison psychiatry team will see him once he is awake. The nurse is credentialed by the unit to perform arterial puncture. His oxygenation worsens, and the attending intensivist at the bedside calls out, "Someone draw an arterial blood gas." Three staff members are at the bedside. Which action by the nurse BEST supports team communication?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630159  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice V — Care of Clients with Maladaptive Patterns of Behavior; Care of Clients with Life-Threatening Conditions, Acute Multi-Organ Problems, High Acuity and Emergency Situations

## 문제

Situation: A 34-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after an intentional overdose of an unknown drug with aspiration of gastric contents. He is intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. The consultation–liaison psychiatry team will see him once he is awake.

The nurse is credentialed by the unit to perform arterial puncture. His oxygenation worsens, and the attending intensivist at the bedside calls out, "Someone draw an arterial blood gas." Three staff members are at the bedside. Which action by the nurse BEST supports team communication?

## 보기

1. Say "I will draw the arterial gas," then report when it is sent **✔ 정답**
2. Ask the respiratory therapist to draw it, since it is their role
3. Wait for the intensivist to assign the task to a named person
4. Draw the sample and tell the team when it has been sent

**정답: 1**

## 해설

In a crisis, orders addressed to "someone" risk being done twice or not at all. Closed-loop communication means the receiver acknowledges the task aloud so the leader knows who owns it, and then reports back when it is done. The nurse claims the task and closes the loop.

## 심화 해설

Why option 1 is the best answer

When the intensivist says “someone draw an arterial blood gas,” the request is addressed to the group rather than to a named individual. In a high-acuity ICU moment, this creates a classic risk: an unassigned task may be performed by multiple people at once, or by no one at all. The safest way to resolve that ambiguity is for one person to claim the task aloud and then confirm completion. Option 1 does exactly that: the nurse states “I will draw the arterial gas,” which establishes ownership, and then reports when the sample is sent, which closes the communication loop.

Closed-loop communication is the core concept being tested. It has three essential parts: the sender gives an order or request, the receiver verbally acknowledges and takes ownership, and the receiver later reports back that the action is completed. In this scenario, the intensivist is the sender, the nurse becomes the receiver by speaking up, and the final report that the sample has been sent completes the loop. Without that verbal acknowledgment, the leader cannot be certain who is handling the task.

Key point! In crisis communication, silence is not confirmation. Hearing an order is not the same as accepting responsibility for it.

The remaining options fail because they do not establish clear task ownership. Asking the respiratory therapist to draw the sample (option 2) may be reasonable if that is the unit’s usual workflow, but it does not confirm that the respiratory therapist heard, accepted, or will complete the task. Waiting for the intensivist to assign the task to a named person (option 3) delays care and places unnecessary burden on the team leader during a deteriorating situation. Drawing the sample and telling the team afterward (option 4) is better than doing nothing, but it skips the initial verbal acknowledgment, so during the critical minutes before the report the team still does not know who took responsibility.

Why closed-loop communication matters in the ICU

The scoping review by Shi et al. describes team situation awareness as a shared understanding of what is happening, what is needed, and who is doing what [1]. When a request is directed to “someone,” team situation awareness is incomplete because no individual has been linked to the action. Closed-loop communication is one of the practical behaviors that restores that shared understanding. In emergency and critical care settings, failures of this kind are repeatedly identified as contributors to communication breakdowns, delayed decisions, and treatment errors [1].

The same principle appears in interprofessional resuscitation research. Prakash et al. examined barriers to effective in-hospital cardiac arrest team performance and identified non-technical skills, including communication and task coordination, as factors that can undermine high-quality CPR even when technical skills are adequate . A team member who silently performs a task may be technically competent, but the team as a whole still lacks the coordination that comes from explicit verbal acknowledgment and reporting.

Watch out! Do not confuse doing the task correctly with communicating about the task correctly. Both are required for safe team function.

O’Malley et al. applied a human factors approach to improve ICU-to-ward handover documentation and described their intervention as a closed-loop quality improvement process . Although that study focused on handover documentation rather than bedside crisis communication, it reflects the same underlying principle: reliable communication requires a structured loop in which information is sent, received, acknowledged, and confirmed. The bedside arterial blood gas request is a microcosm of that same loop.

How to apply this in clinical practice

When a team leader gives an order to “someone,” the nurse who is able and credentialed to perform the task should verbally claim it immediately. The phrase does not need to be elaborate. “I will draw the arterial gas” is sufficient to establish ownership. The second step, reporting when the sample is sent, is equally important because it tells the leader that the action is complete and allows the team to move to the next decision point.

| Communication step | What happens | Why it matters |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sender gives request | Intensivist says “someone draw an ABG” | Task is announced but not yet owned |
| Receiver acknowledges | Nurse says “I will draw the arterial gas” | Ownership is established; no duplication or omission |
| Receiver reports completion | Nurse says “sample is sent” | Loop is closed; team can act on result |

In a deteriorating patient, the time between the order and the verbal acknowledgment may be only a few seconds, but those seconds determine whether the team functions as a coordinated unit or as a collection of individuals guessing at each other’s actions. The nurse who speaks up and then reports back is not being assertive for its own sake; the nurse is actively maintaining team situation awareness so that the intensivist can continue directing care without uncertainty about task assignment [1].

The teach-back protocol described by Bogue and Mohr in the pediatric ICU setting reinforces a related idea: communication is only effective when the receiver demonstrates understanding and the sender verifies it . Although that study focused on family-centered rounds rather than crisis task assignment, the underlying logic is the same. A message that is not acknowledged cannot be assumed to have been received. In the arterial blood gas scenario, the nurse’s verbal claim serves the same function as teach-back: it confirms to the leader that the message was heard and will be acted upon.References (research sources)

- [1]Team Situation Awareness Within the Medical Field Context: A Scoping Review.Research articleShi T, Ma H, Yao X, Zhang S, Luo Y. (2026) · DOI: 10.1111/nicc.70650

## 임상 시나리오

Closed-Loop Communication in CrisisClaim the task aloud, then report back
When an order is addressed to "someone" rather than a named person, the task is at risk of being done twice or not at all. One team member must verbally claim the task to establish ownership.

Closed-loop communication has three parts: the sender gives an order, the receiver acknowledges aloud, and the receiver reports back when the action is complete. Silence is not confirmation.

CautionHearing an order is not the same as accepting responsibility for it. In high-acuity situations, unassigned tasks can be duplicated or missed entirely if no one speaks up.

## 핵심 개념

- **Closed-loop communication** — A three-step process where the sender gives an order, the receiver verbally acknowledges ownership, and then reports back when the action is completed.
- **Task ownership** — Clear assignment of responsibility to a specific individual, preventing tasks from being done twice or not at all.
- **Crisis communication** — Communication strategies used in high-acuity situations to reduce ambiguity and ensure rapid, coordinated action.

## 같은 주제 문제

- [Situation: The nurse works on a 30-bed acute psychiatric unit of a general hospital. The i…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630056)
- [Situation: The nurse works on a 30-bed acute psychiatric unit of a general hospital. The i…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630057)
- [Situation: The nurse works on a 30-bed acute psychiatric unit of a general hospital. The i…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630058)
- [Situation: A 64-year-old man is in the intensive care unit (ICU) on day 2 after emergency …](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630061)
- [Situation: A 64-year-old man is in the intensive care unit (ICU) on day 2 after emergency …](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630062)
- [Situation: The nurse is a staff nurse on an inpatient psychiatric unit. The unit team of p…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630156)
- [Situation: The nurse is a staff nurse on an inpatient psychiatric unit. The unit team of p…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630157)
- [Situation: The nurse is a staff nurse on an inpatient psychiatric unit. The unit team of p…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=630158)

---

More free questions: [기출문제](https://mymerci.kr/)

_학습 참고용입니다. 실제 임상은 최신 지침과 소속 기관 프로토콜을 따르세요._