# Situation: Two weeks after a strong typhoon, the public health nurse of a coastal municipality runs mental health services in the barangays and in an evacuation center that still shelters families. The nurse's suicide risk assessments of four residents show the following: Resident 1: attempt 5 years ago; no current suicidal thoughts; lives with his children Resident 2: no past attempt; daily suicidal thoughts; no plan; attends a church support group Resident 3: no past attempt; suicidal thoughts; plans to drink the farm pesticide kept in his bag; lives alone Resident 4: attempt last year; says life is not worth living; no plan; drinks heavily at night Which resident is at HIGHEST immediate risk of suicide?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=627262  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice I — Community Health Nursing

## 문제

Situation: Two weeks after a strong typhoon, the public health nurse of a coastal municipality runs mental health services in the barangays and in an evacuation center that still shelters families.

The nurse's suicide risk assessments of four residents show the following:
Resident 1: attempt 5 years ago; no current suicidal thoughts; lives with his children
Resident 2: no past attempt; daily suicidal thoughts; no plan; attends a church support group
Resident 3: no past attempt; suicidal thoughts; plans to drink the farm pesticide kept in his bag; lives alone
Resident 4: attempt last year; says life is not worth living; no plan; drinks heavily at night
Which resident is at HIGHEST immediate risk of suicide?

## 보기

1. Resident 1
2. Resident 2
3. Resident 3 **✔ 정답**
4. Resident 4

**정답: 3**

## 해설

Immediate risk is judged from the current picture: a specific plan with means already at hand is the strongest sign of imminent danger, and Resident 3 also has no protective factor. A past attempt is the strongest long-term risk factor, which makes Resident 4 a tempting choice, but Resident 4 has no plan and no means identified. Residents 1 and 2 have protective factors and no plan.

## 심화 해설

Clinical context

Suicide risk assessment in a post-disaster setting requires the nurse to distinguish between long-term vulnerability and immediate danger. The question asks for the *highest immediate risk*, which is determined by the current presence of a specific plan, access to lethal means, and the absence of protective factors.

Why Resident 3 is the highest immediate risk

Resident 3 has suicidal thoughts, a specific plan (drinking farm pesticide), and the means already at hand (the pesticide is kept in his bag). He also lives alone, which removes a key protective factor: the presence of another person who could interrupt the attempt or summon help. A specific plan with readily available lethal means is the strongest clinical indicator of imminent suicide risk. The pesticide is a highly lethal agent, and because it is already in his possession, the time between impulse and action is very short.

Why the other residents are lower immediate risk

Resident 1 has a past attempt but no current suicidal thoughts and lives with his children, a protective factor. Resident 2 has daily suicidal thoughts but no plan and attends a church support group, which provides social connection and monitoring. Resident 4 has a past attempt and expresses that life is not worth living, but no plan and no identified means. Heavy alcohol use is a risk amplifier, but without a plan or accessible method, the immediate risk is lower than Resident 3.

Key point! A past suicide attempt is the strongest *long-term* risk factor, but *immediate* risk is driven by current ideation plus a specific plan plus available means.

Applying lethal means safety to this scenario

The concept of lethal means safety directly supports prioritizing Resident 3. Lethal means safety counseling involves limiting access to the method a person plans to use during a crisis [1]. Resident 3 has already identified his method and carries it with him. The nurse’s immediate action would be to remove or secure the pesticide and arrange continuous observation or emergency psychiatric evaluation. This is consistent with the principle that reducing access to a chosen lethal method is a critical, time-sensitive intervention [1].

Risk stratification in emergency settings

Emergency psychiatry services aim to classify patients into risk categories—low, moderate, or high—using validated factors . In this framework, Resident 3 would be classified as high risk because he has ideation, a plan, and means. Resident 2 would be moderate risk (ideation without plan), and Residents 1 and 4 would require further assessment but do not present the same immediate danger. Watch out! Do not equate frequency of suicidal thoughts with immediacy of risk. A person with daily thoughts but no plan is at lower immediate risk than a person with intermittent thoughts but a concrete plan and means.

Assessment priorities for the nurse

When triaging multiple residents, the nurse should ask three questions in order: Is there current suicidal ideation? Is there a specific plan? Are the means accessible? Resident 3 answers yes to all three, and also lacks a protective cohabitant. This combination places him at the highest immediate risk. The nurse should initiate one-to-one observation, remove the pesticide, and facilitate urgent transfer to emergency psychiatric services.References (research sources)

- [1]"It's Just So Important to Make Them Feel Seen": Teen and Caregiver Perspectives of Lethal Means Safety Planning for the Emergency Department.Research articleHaasz M, Castaneda M, Cafferty R, Betz M, Sanders R, Knoepke C. (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2026.06.004

## 임상 시나리오

Suicide Risk Triage in Post-Disaster SettingsImmediate danger vs. long-term vulnerability
The highest immediate risk is determined by a specific plan plus lethal means at hand plus the absence of protective factors. A resident who has suicidal thoughts, a plan to drink farm pesticide, and the pesticide in his bag requires urgent intervention.

A past suicide attempt is the strongest long-term risk factor, but without a current plan or identified means, immediate danger is lower. Daily suicidal thoughts without a plan also rank below a planned attempt with means available.

CautionDo not confuse chronic risk with imminent danger. Always ask directly about plan, means, and access. Remove or secure lethal means immediately when a plan is identified.

## 핵심 개념

- **Immediate suicide risk** — Current danger of acting on suicidal thoughts, determined by a specific plan, access to lethal means, and absence of protective factors.
- **Lethal means** — A method or object capable of causing death, such as farm pesticide, firearms, or large quantities of medication.
- **Protective factor** — A condition or support that reduces suicide risk, such as living with family, social connection, or religious involvement.
- **Past suicide attempt** — The strongest long-term risk factor for future suicide, but not equivalent to immediate danger without a current plan or means.
- **Post-disaster mental health** — Psychological support provided after events like typhoons, focusing on crisis intervention and suicide risk screening in affected communities.

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