# Situation: The nurse at a Rural Health Unit (RHU) provides HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, including counseling, testing, and linkage to care. A 16-year-old boy asks to be tested for HIV and does not want his parents to know. According to the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act (RA 11166), what should the nurse do?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=627221  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice I — Community Health Nursing

## 문제

Situation: The nurse at a Rural Health Unit (RHU) provides HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, including counseling, testing, and linkage to care.

A 16-year-old boy asks to be tested for HIV and does not want his parents to know. According to the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act (RA 11166), what should the nurse do?

## 보기

1. Ask a parent or guardian to sign the consent first
2. Arrange for a licensed social worker to assist the test
3. Counsel him and test him with his own consent **✔ 정답**
4. Test him, then share the result with his parents

**정답: 3**

## 해설

RA 11166 allows a minor aged 15 to below 18 to consent to voluntary HIV testing without parental consent. The nurse gives pre-test counseling, tests him with his own consent, and keeps the result confidential. Social-worker-assisted testing applies to certain children below 15.

## 심화 해설

A 16-year-old can consent to his own HIV test
The Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act (RA 11166) lowered the age at which a young person can consent to voluntary HIV testing. A minor aged 15 to below 18 may consent to HIV testing without parental consent. This boy is 16, so he can give his own consent after pre-test counseling. The nurse counsels him, tests him with his own consent, and keeps the result confidential.

Why the law allows this
Adolescents are a growing share of new HIV infections in the Philippines, and requiring parental consent kept many young people from getting tested. Allowing minors aged 15 to 17 to consent removes this barrier and lets them learn their status, start treatment early if positive, and receive prevention services. For children below 15, testing can proceed with the consent of a parent or guardian, or, in specific situations such as when the child is pregnant or engaged in high-risk behavior, with the assistance of a licensed social worker or health worker.

| Age of the minor | Who consents to HIV testing |
| --- | --- |
| 15 to below 18 | The minor himself, after counseling |
| Below 15 | Parent or guardian; social-worker assistance in specific situations |
| Any age | Result kept confidential; disclosure needs written consent |

Why the other actions are wrong
Asking a parent or guardian to sign consent first is not required at his age and would likely make him leave without testing. Arranging a licensed social worker to assist applies to children below 15 in specific situations, not to a 16-year-old. Testing him and then sharing the result with his parents violates the confidentiality provisions of RA 11166, which require written consent before disclosure of a person's HIV status. Watch out! Protecting a minor's confidentiality is part of the law, not just good practice; unauthorized disclosure carries penalties.

Exam takeaway and counseling
Under RA 11166, minors aged 15 to 17 consent to their own HIV test, and results are confidential. Pre-test counseling covers what the test detects, the window period, how results are given, and prevention such as condom use. Post-test counseling follows: if negative, prevention and retesting as appropriate; if reactive, confirmatory testing and linkage to treatment. The nurse can also encourage him, without pressure, to identify a trusted adult who can support him.

## 임상 시나리오

HIV Testing of a MinorConsent and confidentiality under RA 11166
A minor aged 15 to below 18 may consent to HIV testing without parental consent after pre-test counseling.

For children below 15, a parent or guardian consents, with social-worker assistance in specific situations.

The result is confidential; disclosure requires the person's written consent.

CautionDo not tell the parents the result without his written consent; unauthorized disclosure violates RA 11166.

## 핵심 개념

- **RA 11166** — The Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018, governing HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and confidentiality.
- **Pre-test counseling** — Counseling before an HIV test about its purpose, meaning of results, and prevention.
- **Confidentiality** — The duty to protect a person's health information from disclosure without consent.
- **Linkage to care** — Connecting a person who tests positive to treatment and support services.

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