# Situation: The public health nurse of a Rural Health Unit (RHU) holds a women's health day on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, for residents of a farming barangay. According to DOH guidelines, which women are encouraged to undergo cervical cancer screening?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=627211  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice I — Community Health Nursing

## 문제

Situation: The public health nurse of a Rural Health Unit (RHU) holds a women's health day on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, for residents of a farming barangay.

According to DOH guidelines, which women are encouraged to undergo cervical cancer screening?

## 보기

1. Women aged 21 to 65 years
2. Women aged 25 to 65 years
3. Women aged 30 to 65 years **✔ 정답**
4. Women aged 40 to 74 years

**정답: 3**

## 해설

The DOH encourages cervical cancer screening for women aged 30 to 65, using high-risk HPV DNA testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), or Pap smear. Other ranges come from foreign guidelines or from breast cancer screening.

## 심화 해설

DOH screening age for cervical cancer
The Department of Health encourages cervical cancer screening for women aged 30 to 65 years. Screening uses one of several methods: high-risk HPV DNA testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), or the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. For a Philippine licensure item asking about DOH guidelines, the screening age range to remember is 30 to 65.

Why screening begins at 30
Cervical cancer develops slowly from persistent infection with high-risk HPV types, passing through precancerous changes over many years. Many HPV infections in younger women clear on their own, so screening them leads to many positive results that would resolve without treatment. Starting at 30 focuses screening on women in whom persistent infection and precancerous lesions are more likely, while still detecting disease well before invasive cancer develops. This approach is consistent with WHO guidance for screening in the general population, which also emphasizes HPV-based methods where available.

| Age range | Where it comes from |
| --- | --- |
| 30 to 65 years | DOH cervical cancer screening |
| 21 to 65 years | A United States cytology guideline |
| 25 to 65 years | Another United States guideline |
| 40 to 74 years | Mammography range in some breast cancer guidelines |

Why the other ranges are wrong here
The ranges starting at 21 and 25 come from foreign guidelines, not from the DOH, and are tempting because they appear in many textbooks published abroad. The range 40 to 74 belongs to breast cancer screening with mammography in some guidelines and is not a cervical cancer range at all. Watch out! When the stem names the DOH, answer with Philippine guidance even if a foreign guideline gives a different range; the style of the PNLE favors local program standards.

Exam takeaway and practice
DOH cervical cancer screening: women 30 to 65 years, by HPV DNA test, VIA, or Pap smear. At a women's health day, the nurse can explain the purpose of screening, help women choose an available method, and arrange follow-up for positive results, such as treatment of precancerous lesions or referral for further evaluation. Primary prevention through HPV vaccination of girls in Grade 4 complements screening of adult women.

## 임상 시나리오

Cervical Cancer ScreeningDOH target age and methods
The DOH encourages cervical cancer screening for women aged 30 to 65 years.

Methods: high-risk HPV DNA testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), or Pap smear.

Positive results need follow-up for treatment of precancerous lesions or referral. HPV vaccination of girls complements screening.

CautionRanges starting at 21 or 25 come from foreign guidelines; 40 to 74 is a breast cancer screening range.

## 핵심 개념

- **Cervical cancer screening** — Testing women without symptoms to find precancerous changes or early cancer of the cervix.
- **VIA** — Visual inspection with acetic acid: applying dilute vinegar to the cervix to see abnormal white areas.
- **HPV DNA test** — A test that detects high-risk human papillomavirus types that cause most cervical cancers.
- **Pap smear** — A test in which cells from the cervix are collected and examined for abnormal changes.

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