# Situation: A public health nurse at the Rural Health Unit (RHU) of an upland municipality with several geographically isolated barangays applies primary health care (PHC) in her daily work. The nurse compares last year's provincial data with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 targets for 2030: Maternal mortality ratio: 65 per 100,000 live births Neonatal mortality rate: 11 per 1,000 live births Under-5 mortality rate: 27 per 1,000 live births Premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases: 36% lower than in 2015 Which indicator is still short of its SDG 3 target?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=627175  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice I — Community Health Nursing

## 문제

Situation: A public health nurse at the Rural Health Unit (RHU) of an upland municipality with several geographically isolated barangays applies primary health care (PHC) in her daily work.

The nurse compares last year's provincial data with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 targets for 2030:
Maternal mortality ratio: 65 per 100,000 live births
Neonatal mortality rate: 11 per 1,000 live births
Under-5 mortality rate: 27 per 1,000 live births
Premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases: 36% lower than in 2015
Which indicator is still short of its SDG 3 target?

## 보기

1. Neonatal mortality rate
2. Premature noncommunicable disease deaths
3. Maternal mortality ratio
4. Under-5 mortality rate **✔ 정답**

**정답: 4**

## 해설

The SDG 3 targets are a maternal mortality ratio below 70 per 100,000 live births, neonatal mortality of at most 12 per 1,000 live births, under-5 mortality of at most 25 per 1,000 live births, and a one-third reduction in premature noncommunicable disease deaths. Only the under-5 rate (27) is above its target.

## 심화 해설

The question asks you to compare four municipal indicators against the SDG 3 targets for 2030 and identify which one has not yet reached its goal. This is a data-interpretation item that tests whether you can recall the specific numeric benchmarks under SDG 3 and apply them to a community health scenario.

SDG 3 target benchmarks

The Sustainable Development Goal 3 targets relevant to this scenario are clearly defined in the global health literature. For maternal mortality, the goal is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births [1]. For neonatal mortality, the target is 12 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births [3]. For under-5 mortality, the goal is 25 or fewer deaths per 1,000 live births [2][3][4]. For noncommunicable diseases, the target is a one-third reduction in premature mortality by 2030 compared with 2015 levels.

Applying the benchmarks to the RHU data

The municipality reports a maternal mortality ratio of 65 per 100,000 live births. Because this is below the SDG target of 70, the maternal mortality indicator has already met the goal [1]. The neonatal mortality rate of 11 per 1,000 live births is also below the threshold of 12, so it is within target [3]. Premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases are reported as 36% lower than in 2015, which exceeds the required one-third (approximately 33%) reduction and therefore also meets the target.

The under-5 mortality rate is the only indicator that remains above its SDG 3 benchmark. The municipality reports 27 per 1,000 live births, while the SDG 3.2 target requires a rate of 25 per 1,000 live births or lower [2][3][4]. A rate of 27 means that for every 1,000 children born alive, 27 die before reaching their fifth birthday, which is 2 deaths per 1,000 above the 2030 goal.

| Indicator | Municipal data | SDG 3 target | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maternal mortality ratio | 65 per 100,000 live births |

## 임상 시나리오

SDG 3 Target Monitoring at the RHUBenchmark comparison for community health indicators
The under-5 mortality rate target is 25 or fewer per 1,000 live births. A rate of 27 is still above target and requires priority action.

Maternal mortality below 70 per 100,000, neonatal mortality at or below 12 per 1,000, and a one-third reduction in premature NCD deaths are all met by the reported data.

CautionDo not assume all indicators are failing when one is above target. Compare each value to its specific SDG 3 benchmark before prioritizing interventions.

## 핵심 개념

- **SDG 3** — Sustainable Development Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages, with specific numeric targets for maternal, neonatal, and under-5 mortality by 2030.
- **Under-5 mortality rate** — Number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births; SDG 3 target is 25 or fewer per 1,000.
- **Maternal mortality ratio** — Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births; SDG 3 target is below 70 per 100,000.
- **Neonatal mortality rate** — Number of deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births; SDG 3 target is 12 or fewer per 1,000.
- **Premature NCD mortality** — Deaths from noncommunicable diseases before age 70; SDG 3 target is a one-third reduction by 2030 compared with 2015.

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