# Situation: The public health nurse visits a family of six in a farming barangay. The grandmother, 74, has been bedridden since a stroke 3 months ago and has a reddened area over the sacrum that does not blanch when pressed. Her daughter-in-law, 40, cares for her while also selling goods at the market, and feeds her while she lies flat because it is easier. The family's income dropped when the eldest son lost his job. The nurse compares two problems with the family nursing problem prioritization scale. Round off each total to two decimal places. Problem 1, the grandmother's sacral skin damage: partially modifiable; moderate preventive potential; the family sees it as serious and needing immediate attention. Problem 2, feeding her while she lies flat: easily modifiable; high preventive potential; the family does not see it as a problem. Which conclusion is CORRECT?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=627046  
> language: ko  
> subject: Nursing Practice I — Community Health Nursing

## 문제

Situation: The public health nurse visits a family of six in a farming barangay. The grandmother, 74, has been bedridden since a stroke 3 months ago and has a reddened area over the sacrum that does not blanch when pressed. Her daughter-in-law, 40, cares for her while also selling goods at the market, and feeds her while she lies flat because it is easier. The family's income dropped when the eldest son lost his job.

The nurse compares two problems with the family nursing problem prioritization scale. Round off each total to two decimal places.
Problem 1, the grandmother's sacral skin damage: partially modifiable; moderate preventive potential; the family sees it as serious and needing immediate attention.
Problem 2, feeding her while she lies flat: easily modifiable; high preventive potential; the family does not see it as a problem.
Which conclusion is CORRECT?

## 보기

1. Problem 2 ranks first, 4.17 against 3.67
2. Problem 1 ranks first, 3.17 against 2.67
3. The two problems tie, 3.67 against 3.67 **✔ 정답**
4. Problem 2 ranks first, 4.00 against 3.67

**정답: 3**

## 해설

A reddened area that does not blanch is a stage 1 pressure injury already present, a health deficit: 3/3 × 1 + 1/2 × 2 + 2/3 × 1 + 2/2 × 1 = 1.00 + 1.00 + 0.67 + 1.00 = 3.67. Feeding while flat favors aspiration but no illness is present yet, a health threat: 2/3 × 1 + 2/2 × 2 + 3/3 × 1 + 0/2 × 1 = 0.67 + 2.00 + 1.00 + 0.00 = 3.67. The totals tie because the double weight of modifiability offsets the family's lack of concern, and the plan must also help the family recognize Problem 2.

## 심화 해설

A non-blanching reddened area over the sacrum in a bedridden older adult is not simply “at risk” skin — it is an actual Stage 1 pressure injury. The skin is intact but shows persistent erythema that does not turn white under fingertip pressure, indicating that capillary blood flow has already been compromised by sustained pressure and shear. In the family nursing problem prioritization scale, this is therefore classified as a health deficit, because the condition is already present and requires active treatment, not just prevention.

The computation for Problem 1 uses the health deficit weighting. The nature of the problem receives the full score of 3/3 multiplied by its weight of 1, contributing 1.00. Modifiability is rated as partially modifiable, scored 1/2 and multiplied by the heavier weight of 2, yielding 1.00. Preventive potential is moderate, scored 2/3 with a weight of 1, giving 0.67. Finally, the family’s perception that the problem is serious and needs immediate attention earns 2/2 with a weight of 1, adding 1.00. The total is 3.67.

Problem 2 — feeding the grandmother while she lies flat — is a risk for aspiration, but no aspiration pneumonia or other illness has developed yet. It is therefore a health threat, not a health deficit. The nature score is 2/3 with a weight of 1, contributing 0.67. Because this practice is easily modifiable, it scores 2/2 and is multiplied by the double weight of 2, yielding 2.00. Preventive potential is high, scored 3/3 with a weight of 1, adding 1.00. However, the family does not perceive this as a problem, so the salience score is 0/2 with a weight of 1, contributing 0.00. The total is also 3.67.

The two problems tie at 3.67 because the double weight assigned to modifiability in Problem 2 offsets the family’s complete lack of concern, while Problem 1 gains points from high salience but loses points on modifiability and preventive potential. This tie has a direct implication for the nursing care plan: the nurse cannot simply rank one problem above the other. The plan must address the existing Stage 1 pressure injury with repositioning, pressure redistribution, skin inspection, and nutritional support, while simultaneously helping the family recognize that flat positioning during feeding creates a real aspiration risk even though no illness has appeared yet.

The evidence base reinforces why the sacral finding matters. Immobility after stroke is a well-documented driver of pressure injury formation, and the sacrum is among the highest-risk anatomical sites because it bears concentrated weight in the supine position and is subject to friction and shear during repositioning. A Stage 1 injury signals that tissue ischemia has already begun; without intervention, it can progress to deeper tissue loss, infection, and prolonged morbidity. The family’s financial strain and the daughter-in-law’s dual caregiving and market-selling roles are relevant contextual factors that may limit the frequency of repositioning or the ability to obtain pressure-redistributing surfaces, so the nurse’s assessment must include these practical barriers.

Watch out! Do not mistake a non-blanching red area for a simple “redness” that will resolve on its own. Non-blanchable erythema is the defining feature of a Stage 1 pressure injury and means the condition is already present, not merely a risk.

Key point! In the prioritization scale, a health deficit receives the full nature score of 3/3, while a health threat receives 2/3. This distinction changes the arithmetic and must be applied correctly before any other scoring is considered.

Key point! Modifiability is weighted double. A problem that is easily modifiable can gain enough points to tie with a more serious but less modifiable problem, as seen here. The family’s lack of perception does not remove the problem from the priority list; it signals that health education and perception-shifting must be built into the intervention.

## 임상 시나리오

Pressure Injury vs Aspiration Risk PrioritizationWhy a tie means act on both
A non-blanching reddened sacrum in a bedridden older adult is an actual Stage 1 pressure injury, not just a risk. Classify it as a health deficit because tissue damage is already present.

Feeding while lying flat is a health threat for aspiration, not a deficit, because no pneumonia has developed yet. Its high modifiability receives double weight and offsets the family's lack of concern.

Both problems score 3.67 on the family nursing problem prioritization scale. The tie means the care plan must address skin integrity and safe feeding positioning together.

CautionDo not assume the family's lack of concern about aspiration risk lowers its priority. The double weight of modifiability makes it equal to the existing pressure injury, so both require immediate intervention.

## 핵심 개념

- **Health Deficit** — An actual, existing illness or condition requiring treatment, such as a Stage 1 pressure injury.
- **Health Threat** — A condition or practice that predisposes to disease but has not yet caused illness, such as feeding while lying flat.
- **Stage 1 Pressure Injury** — Intact skin with non-blanchable erythema, indicating compromised capillary blood flow from pressure.
- **Modifiability** — The likelihood that a health problem can be changed or improved, weighted double in the prioritization scale.
- **Preventive Potential** — The degree to which future complications or worsening can be avoided by addressing the problem now.

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