# A 16-year-old student has been experiencing persistent bullying at school for the past 3 months. The student reports anxiety, frequent headaches, and has stopped attending extracurricular activities. Which nursing intervention should be the priority?

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> subject: Mental Health

## 문제

A 16-year-old student has been experiencing persistent bullying at school for the past 3 months. The student reports anxiety, frequent headaches, and has stopped attending extracurricular activities. Which nursing intervention should be the priority?

## 보기

1. Encourage the student to ignore the bullying behavior and focus on academic performance
2. Advise the student to confront the bullies directly to establish boundaries
3. Recommend transferring to a different school to avoid the bullying situation
4. Assess for suicidal ideation and implement safety measures **✔ 정답**

**정답: 4**

## 해설

Priority assessment for suicide risk is essential when adolescents experience prolonged bullying with hopelessness and social withdrawal. Other options may worsen the situation or delay critical safety interventions.

## 심화 해설

Understanding the Priority: Safety First in Bullying-Related Care

When a student reports persistent bullying accompanied by somatic symptoms such as frequent headaches and social withdrawal, the clinical picture extends beyond situational stress. The combination of ongoing victimization, anxiety, and cessation of previously enjoyed activities signals a significant deterioration in mental health that requires immediate risk stratification. In the NCLEX-RN framework, this falls under the Physiological Integrity and Psychosocial Integrity categories, where the nursing process always prioritizes physiological and psychological safety.

The rationale for prioritizing a suicide risk assessment over other interventions is grounded in the established link between bullying victimization and suicidality. Bullying is a key factor in the development of multiple mental health issues, including depression and suicide [1]. This connection is not merely correlational; peer victimization, whether in-person or online, serves as a significant mediator in the pathway from adverse experiences to suicide attempts [4]. By assessing for suicidal ideation first, the nurse applies the safety-first principle of Maslow's hierarchy and the nursing process, ensuring that the most life-threatening potential outcome is screened for and addressed immediately.

Why the Other Options Are Not the Priority

Encouraging the student to ignore the bullying or confront the bullies directly places an unrealistic and potentially harmful burden on a vulnerable adolescent. These approaches fail to recognize that victims often have low self-esteem and a lack of social skills, which are elements that can be present in both victims and aggressors [1]. Advising confrontation without a structured support system and skill-building can escalate the situation and increase the victim's distress. Similarly, while a school transfer might seem like a solution, it is a reactive measure that does not address the student's immediate psychological safety or the internalized distress that has already occurred. It also removes the opportunity for the school to implement systemic interventions, such as a school-based psychoeducational program, which has been shown to be effective in reducing bullying and improving self-esteem [1]. The nurse's immediate role is to manage the health consequences of the trauma, not to solve the social logistics as a first step.

The Pathophysiology of Psychological Distress

The student's frequent headaches are a classic somatic manifestation of the chronic stress response. Persistent bullying activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to elevated cortisol levels and a heightened state of physiological arousal. This can manifest as tension headaches, gastrointestinal disturbances, and fatigue. When this stress becomes chronic and the individual feels trapped, the risk of developing a major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation increases dramatically. The shift toward virtual forms of aggression, such as cyberbullying, removes spatio-temporal barriers, meaning the victimization can continue relentlessly even at home, exacerbating feelings of hopelessness and entrapment . A mental health nurse's fundamental role is to intervene in these cascading mental health consequences by first establishing safety [1]. The assessment for suicidal ideation is not just a screening question; it is a therapeutic intervention that communicates to the student that their life is valued and their distress is being taken seriously. This opens the door for subsequent interventions like teaching coping skills, building self-esteem, and collaborating with the school on a safety and support plan.References (research sources)

- [1]Effectiveness of School-Based Psychoeducational Program in Reducing Bullying and Improving Self-Esteem: A Systematic Review.Meta-analysis/systematic reviewMuñoz MB, Zafra-Agea JA, Marco EM, Flores-Saldaña M, Vera-Remartínez EJ, Esteve-Clavero A, Molés-Julio MP. (2026) · DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14030330

- [4]Adverse childhood experiences and suicide attempts among high school students: The mediating effects of peer victimization and depression by sex.Research articleKim YK, Hong JS, Pounders R, Wilkes J, Brune S, Yang M. (2026) · DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2026.03.020

## 임상 시나리오

Bullying-Related Care: Safety ScreeningPrioritizing Suicide Risk Assessment in Adolescents
When an adolescent reports persistent bullying with somatic symptoms (e.g., headaches) and social withdrawal, the priority is to assess for suicidal ideation. Bullying is a significant mediator for depression and suicide attempts.

Apply the safety-first principle: screen for immediate risk using a validated tool like the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) toolkit. Any positive screen requires a one-to-one safety observation and immediate referral.

CautionDo not advise the student to ignore or confront the bully. These actions dismiss the trauma and can escalate danger. Avoid suggesting a school transfer before a full psychosocial evaluation is completed.

## 핵심 개념

- **Bullying Victimization** — Repeated aggressive behavior intended to harm another individual physically, mentally, or emotionally, creating a power imbalance.
- **Suicidal Ideation** — Thoughts about, or an unusual preoccupation with, suicide, ranging from fleeting consideration to detailed planning.
- **Safety-First Principle** — A nursing priority framework based on Maslow's hierarchy, addressing life-threatening physiological or psychological risks before other needs.
- **Somatic Symptoms** — Physical manifestations of psychological distress, such as headaches or stomachaches, with no identifiable medical cause.
- **Social Withdrawal** — The act of disengaging from previously enjoyed social interactions and activities, often a red flag for depression or anxiety.

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