# A nurse is caring for a 58-year-old male client with acute coronary syndrome who presents to the emergency department with chest pain radiating to his left arm and jaw. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, and he is scheduled for an emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). What is the priority nursing action before the procedure?

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## 문제

A nurse is caring for a 58-year-old male client with acute coronary syndrome who presents to the emergency department with chest pain radiating to his left arm and jaw. His ECG shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, and he is scheduled for an emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). What is the priority nursing action before the procedure?

## 보기

1. Verify that informed consent has been obtained and ensure the client understands the procedure **✔ 정답**
2. Administer prescribed anticoagulant medications as ordered before the procedure
3. Administer prescribed antiplatelet medications as ordered before the procedure
4. Ensure the client has been NPO for at least 6 hours before the procedure

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Before PCI, obtaining informed consent is the legal and ethical priority to ensure the client understands the procedure, risks, and benefits. Other actions (administering anticoagulants, obtaining vital signs, ensuring NPO status) are important but secondary to consent.

## 심화 해설

Understanding the Priority: Legal and Ethical Foundations of Care

Before any invasive procedure such as an emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the nurse must prioritize the client's legal and ethical right to self-determination. While clinical interventions like medication administration are critical, they are implemented after the foundational requirement of informed consent is met. In the context of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), time is a critical factor, but proceeding without valid consent constitutes battery. The nurse's role is to verify that the consent is signed, the client is competent, and that the information provided by the physician has been understood.

Why the Other Options Are Not the Priority

Administering prescribed anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications (Options 2 and 3) and ensuring NPO status (Option 4) are all essential preparatory steps for PCI. However, they are secondary to the legal prerequisite of consent. The clinical urgency to meet a door-to-balloon (D2B) time of ≤ 90 minutes, as highlighted in the clinical audit by Krishnan et al. [1], underscores the need for a rapid, streamlined process. This process includes obtaining consent as an immediate first step, which then allows the nurse to safely proceed with the other time-sensitive orders. A nursing program for the cardiac catheterization laboratory, as developed by Shan et al., would logically place the verification of consent at the forefront of the pre-procedural checklist to provide "scientific and practical behavioral guidance" [2].

Clinical Integration: The Intersection of Time and Ethics

The prehospital-in-hospital coordination model studied by Chen et al. aims to reduce treatment delays by streamlining communication [3]. A key component of this seamless transition is ensuring that administrative and ethical prerequisites, such as consent, are addressed early, often beginning in the prehospital setting or immediately upon arrival. The nurse acts as a patient advocate, confirming that the client's signature is obtained freely and that the client can articulate the purpose, benefits, and risks of the PCI, including potential complications. This verification is the most critical nursing action because all subsequent therapies—anticoagulation, antiplatelet loading, and procedural sedation—depend on it. The 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization, while focused on procedural indications, operate under the universal ethical assumption that revascularization is performed on a consenting patient . Therefore, the nurse's immediate priority is to validate that this ethical and legal cornerstone is securely in place before the team proceeds with the emergent intervention.References (research sources)

- [1]Achieving door-to-balloon time ≤ 90 minutes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective clinical audit from a tertiary care centre in India.Research articleKrishnan R, Dhileeban CM, Hariprasad S, Umer PA, Balaji S, Kavitha B. (2026) · DOI: 10.1186/s12245-026-01222-0

- [2]Development of a Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Nursing Program Targeting Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Delphi Study.Research articleShan F, Xie N, Peng Y, Yang S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhou S, Huang P, Yang X. (2026) · DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s599696

- [3]Impact of a Prehospital Chest Pain Alert App-Mediated Prehospital-in-Hospital Coordination Model on Treatment Delays and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Protocol for a 4-Year Retrospective Real-World Cohort Study.Research articleChen S, Wang R, Ma J, Xiao W, Song C. (2026) · DOI: 10.2196/90144

## 임상 시나리오

Emergent PCI: Pre-Procedure Nursing PriorityLegal Safety First in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Before an emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the absolute priority is to verify informed consent. This respects the client's legal right to self-determination and prevents an act of battery. The nurse confirms the form is signed, the client is competent, and the physician's explanation was understood.

Once consent is verified, immediately proceed with time-sensitive clinical tasks to meet the door-to-balloon time goal of ≤ 90 minutes. This includes administering prescribed antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications and confirming NPO status.

CautionIn a true emergency where the client is incapacitated and no surrogate is available, treatment may proceed under implied consent. However, this exception must be clearly documented, and the nurse's first action is still to attempt to secure proper consent.

## 핵심 개념

- **Informed Consent** — A legal and ethical process ensuring a competent client voluntarily agrees to a procedure after understanding its risks, benefits, and alternatives.
- **Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)** — A minimally invasive procedure to open blocked coronary arteries, commonly performed emergently for STEMI.
- **ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)** — A severe heart attack identified by ST-segment elevation on ECG, requiring immediate reperfusion therapy.
- **Battery** — A legal charge for intentional, unauthorized touching of another person, which can apply to medical procedures performed without valid consent.

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