# 一位開始接受鴉片類藥物治療的病人詢問如何預防便秘。護理師應包含哪項衛教？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=397357&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Elimination  
> category: BCC

## 題目

一位開始接受鴉片類藥物治療的病人詢問如何預防便秘。護理師應包含哪項衛教？

## 選項

1. 限制液體攝取，使糞便體積變小。
2. 避免行走，因為活動會增加腹痛。
3. 使用處方的腸道方案，並在可耐受範圍內增加液體、纖維和活動量。 **✔ 正確答案**
4. 等到連續兩週沒有排便再通報。

**正確答案: 3**

## 解析

鴉片類藥物常會減緩腸道蠕動，因此預防措施包括使用處方的腸道方案，並在可耐受範圍內增加液體、纖維和活動量。限制液體、不活動和延遲通報會增加便秘風險，並可能導致併發症。

## 深入解析

臨床判斷
利用病人線索、時間點、檢驗數據及安全風險，選擇最符合鴉片類藥物便秘預防的回應。

記憶提示
將最強的線索群與最安全的護理判斷配對。

KR vs US
NCLEX 考題獎勵基於線索的優先思考，而非單獨的記憶。

## 臨床情境

臨床實務指引
針對鴉片類藥物便秘預防，將完整的線索模式與病人當前的穩定性、醫囑數據及預期的護理範圍進行比較。

注意
當完整情境改變了優先順序或安全性時，切勿僅根據單一線索選擇行動。

## 重要概念

- **鴉片類藥物便秘** — 因鴉片類藥物引起的腸道蠕動減緩。
- **腸道方案** — 一套計劃性的藥物或習慣，用於預防或治療便秘。
- **下床活動** — 在可耐受範圍內行走或活動，以支持循環和腸道功能。

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