# 一位個案在接受抗生素後出現喘鳴、臉部腫脹和低血壓。護理師應首先準備給予哪種藥物？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=397317&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Illness Management  
> category: PA

## 題目

一位個案在接受抗生素後出現喘鳴、臉部腫脹和低血壓。護理師應首先準備給予哪種藥物？

## 選項

1. 口服 diphenhydramine。
2. 吸入性皮質類固醇。
3. 肌肉注射 epinephrine。 **✔ 正確答案**
4. Acetaminophen。

**正確答案: 3**

## 解析

喘鳴、腫脹和低血壓表示過敏性休克。肌肉注射 epinephrine 是優先藥物，因為它能維持呼吸道張力、支氣管擴張和循環。抗組織胺和皮質類固醇可能是輔助用藥，但不能取代 epinephrine。

## 深入解析

臨床判斷
使用個案線索、時間點、檢驗數據和安全風險，選擇最符合抗生素後過敏性休克情境的回應。

記憶提示
將最強的線索群與最安全的護理判斷配對。

KR vs US
NCLEX 考題獎勵基於線索的優先思考，而非單獨的回憶。

## 臨床情境

臨床實務指引
對於抗生素後過敏性休克，將完整的線索模式與個案當前的穩定性、醫囑數據和預期的護理範圍進行比較。

注意
當完整情境改變了優先順序或安全性時，不要僅根據單一線索選擇行動。

## 重要概念

- **過敏性休克** — 一種危及生命的全身性過敏反應，涉及呼吸道、呼吸或循環。
- **Epinephrine** — 治療過敏性休克的首選藥物。
- **喘鳴** — 一種高音調的呼吸道聲音，表示上呼吸道狹窄。

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