# 一位計劃懷孕的個案詢問如何降低神經管缺陷的風險。護理師應包含哪項衛教？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=397287&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention  
> category: HPM

## 題目

一位計劃懷孕的個案詢問如何降低神經管缺陷的風險。護理師應包含哪項衛教？

## 選項

1. 在第一孕期避免所有碳水化合物。
2. 等到感覺到胎動後才開始產前照護。
3. 在懷孕前及懷孕初期，依建議服用葉酸。 **✔ 正確答案**
4. 使用草藥補充品代替處方的產前維他命。

**正確答案: 3**

## 解析

在受孕前及懷孕初期服用葉酸可降低神經管缺陷的風險。等到胎動才開始照護會延遲預防性照護。極端的飲食限制及未經證實的草藥替代品並非適當的建議。

## 深入解析

臨床判斷
使用個案線索、時機、檢驗數據及安全風險，選擇最符合孕前葉酸衛教的回應。

記憶提示
將最強的線索群與最安全的護理判斷配對。

KR vs US
NCLEX 題目獎勵基於線索的優先思考，而非單獨的記憶。

## 臨床情境

臨床實務指引
對於孕前葉酸衛教，將完整的線索模式與個案當前的穩定性、醫囑數據及預期的護理範圍進行比較。

注意
當完整情境改變了優先順序或安全性時，不要僅根據單一線索選擇行動。

## 重要概念

- **葉酸** — 一種對早期胎兒神經管發育重要的 B 群維生素。
- **神經管缺陷** — 一種涉及大腦或脊髓結構未完全閉合的出生缺陷。
- **孕前照護** — 懷孕前為降低風險所做的健康規劃。

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