# 將每項感染管制措施拖曳至其最能代表的防護類別。

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=394865&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Standard/Transmission-Based Precautions/Surgical Asepsis  
> category: SIPC

## 題目

將每項感染管制措施拖曳至其最能代表的防護類別。

**1.** 將有發燒、咳嗽、鼻炎和全身性皮疹的個案安置於AIIR並使用通過密合度測試的呼吸防護具

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**2.** 對疑似感染性肺結核的個案使用AIIR和通過密合度測試的呼吸防護具

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**3.** 在近距離照護疑似腦膜炎雙球菌腦膜炎的個案時佩戴外科口罩

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**4.** 對疑似百日咳的個案啟動飛沫防護措施

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**5.** 對疑似C. difficile腹瀉的個案使用隔離衣和手套及專用設備

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**6.** 當手部明顯髒污時使用肥皂和清水進行手部衛生，並執行C. difficile殺孢子清潔程序

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**7.** 為C型肝炎個案進行靜脈穿刺時佩戴手套並使用尖銳物品安全措施

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

**8.** 清潔HIV污染的血液溢出時，根據潑濺風險選擇面部和眼部防護

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Droplet precautions
Airborne precautions
Standard Precautions
Contact-enteric precautions

## 解析

麻疹和肺結核需要空氣防護措施，且於資源許可時使用空氣感染隔離室。疑似腦膜炎雙球菌疾病和百日咳需要飛沫防護措施。C. difficile需要接觸防護措施，使用專用設備和殺孢子環境清潔；當手部明顯髒污時優先使用肥皂和清水洗手，此點在C. difficile照護中常被強調。HIV或C型肝炎的血液暴露以標準防護措施處理。

## 深入解析

快速解答
麻疹或TB = 空氣；腦膜炎雙球菌疾病或百日咳 = 飛沫；C. difficile = 接觸-腸道；預期血液暴露 = 標準。

為何此為正確
傳播途徑防護措施依據可能的傳播途徑加入標準防護措施中。經驗性防護措施從症候群開始，不應等待最終培養或分子確認。

NCLEX決策原則
使用源頭控制和早期隔離。將病房、呼吸防護具或口罩、隔離衣和手套、手部衛生及環境清潔與疑似病原體和暴露情境相匹配。參考文獻
1CDC隔離防護措施
2CDC經驗性傳播途徑防護措施
3CDC 2026 C. difficile預防指引

## 臨床情境

經驗性隔離決策
個案在所有實驗室結果出來前即因疑似具傳染性感染而就醫。標準防護措施適用於每位個案；請為每項敘述指定所要求的額外或界定性措施。

## 重要概念

- **空氣感染隔離室** — 一間具有控制氣流和負壓的單人病房，用於空氣感染隔離。
- **經驗性防護措施** — 在確認致病病原體之前，根據表現的症候群開始的傳播管制措施。
- **殺孢子劑** — 一種能殺死細菌孢子的環境消毒劑，例如C. difficile產生的孢子。

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