# 抗生素給藥後，個案出現喘鳴、全身蕁麻疹與血壓 78/42 mm Hg。護理師應先準備給予哪種藥物？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=393725&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Medical Emergencies  
> category: PA

## 題目

抗生素給藥後，個案出現喘鳴、全身蕁麻疹與血壓 78/42 mm Hg。護理師應先準備給予哪種藥物？

## 選項

1. 口服 diphenhydramine
2. 肌肉注射 epinephrine **✔ 正確答案**
3. 吸入 corticosteroid
4. 口服 acetaminophen

**正確答案: 2**

## 解析

抗生素暴露後出現喘鳴、蕁麻疹與低血壓，表示過敏性休克。肌肉注射 epinephrine 是第一線藥物，可支持氣道、呼吸與循環。抗組織胺或類固醇可作為輔助，但不能取代危及生命過敏性休克中的 epinephrine。

## 深入解析

臨床判斷
辨識伴低血壓的多系統過敏反應為過敏性休克，先處理 ABC。

記憶重點
過敏性休克等於 epinephrine 先。

## 臨床情境

實務指引
伴呼吸受損或低血壓的過敏性休克需要立即 epinephrine 與緊急支持。

注意
不要等症狀是否改善而延誤 epinephrine。

## 重要概念

- **過敏性休克** — 嚴重全身過敏反應，可能造成氣道腫脹、支氣管痙攣、低血壓與休克。
- **Epinephrine** — 過敏性休克第一線藥物，可改善氣道張力、支氣管擴張與血壓。
- **低血壓** — 可能表示休克與器官灌流不足的低血壓。

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