# 一名可能懷孕的個案詢問如何降低神經管缺陷風險。護理師應提供哪項衛教？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=393683&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention  
> category: HPM

## 題目

一名可能懷孕的個案詢問如何降低神經管缺陷風險。護理師應提供哪項衛教？

## 選項

1. 懷孕前與懷孕初期每日服用 folic acid 400 mcg。 **✔ 正確答案**
2. 在第一次超音波確認懷孕後開始服用folic acid。
3. 避免食用強化穀物，因為它們含有合成葉酸。
4. 如果出現晨吐，則服用folic acid。

**正確答案: 1**

## 解析

懷孕前與懷孕初期服用 folic acid 有助預防神經管缺陷；神經管缺陷可能在許多人知道懷孕前就很早發生。CDC 建議可能懷孕者每日 400 mcg，除非醫療人員另有劑量指示。等待超音波或症狀會錯過初級預防時機。

## 深入解析

臨床判斷
神經管閉合發生在懷孕很早期，因此孕前衛教很重要。

記憶重點
Folic acid 在驗孕陽性前就最有幫助。

## 臨床情境

實務指引
CDC folic acid 指引指出，懷孕前與懷孕初期每日 400 mcg 有助預防神經管缺陷。

注意
曾有神經管缺陷妊娠或使用特定藥物者，可能需醫療人員指定劑量。

## 重要概念

- **Folic acid** — 懷孕前與懷孕初期用於降低神經管缺陷風險的 B 群維生素。
- **神經管缺陷** — 與早期神經管閉合問題相關的腦或脊椎嚴重先天缺陷。
- **初級預防** — 在疾病或狀況發生前採取行動，以降低風險或預防疾病。

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