# 一名使用cyclosporine的肝臟移植個案，通報新出現的毛髮增多、牙齦增生與顫抖。護理師最適當的回應是什麼？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: Medical Emergencies  
> category: PA

## 題目

一名使用cyclosporine的肝臟移植個案，通報新出現的毛髮增多、牙齦增生與顫抖。護理師最適當的回應是什麼？

## 選項

1. 今天停用所有免疫抑制藥
2. 這些症狀一定需要透析
3. 這些症狀代表立即發生排斥
4. 說明這些是已知的cyclosporine副作用；強調細緻口腔清潔、監測血壓與腎功能，若無法耐受可討論改用tacrolimus **✔ 正確答案**

**正確答案: 4**

## 解析

正確（2）：Cyclosporine的典型作用包括多毛、牙齦增生、顫抖、高血壓、腎毒性。規律牙科清潔與良好口腔衛生可減少牙齦增生。如果外觀相關副作用無法耐受，常會考慮改用tacrolimus（較少多毛/牙齦問題）。（1,3,4）錯誤。

## 深入解析

記憶提示 Cyclosporine =「頭髮-牙齦-顫抖循環」。Tacrolimus =「糖尿病-神經-毒性」，但不常造成多毛。兩者皆可能腎毒性，也都與CYP3A4相關。

## 臨床情境

情境 36歲女性，肝臟移植後使用環孢素 cyclosporine；新出現多毛、牙齦增生、顫抖。

## 重要概念

- **環孢素 cyclosporine** — Calcineurin抑制劑；可能造成多毛、牙齦增生、顫抖、高血壓、腎毒性。
- **牙齦增生** — Cyclosporine、phenytoin、鈣離子通道阻斷劑可造成；良好口腔衛生可減輕。
- **Cyclosporine與tacrolimus比較** — Cyclosporine：多毛/牙齦。Tacrolimus：糖尿病/神經病變。兩者皆有腎毒性。

## 相同主題題目

- [A nurse is caring for an alert adult client with type 1 diabetes who reports tremors, swea…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=360524&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 68-year-old client with COPD is admitted with shortness of breath and SpO2 86% on room a…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=362940&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 58-year-old client arrives at the emergency department with crushing substernal chest pa…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=362976&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 72-year-old client is brought to the emergency department by family who report that the …](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=363003&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 79-year-old client is admitted from a long-term care facility with diarrhea, decreased o…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=363089&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 76-year-old female with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation receives digoxin 0…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=374883&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 70-year-old client on long-term digoxin therapy reports new yellow-green halos around li…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=374884&lang=zh-tw)
- [A 58-year-old client with type 2 diabetes mellitus and migraine prophylaxis is taking prop…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=374893&lang=zh-tw)

## 以其他語言閱讀

- [en](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=en)
- [ko](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=ko)
- [ja](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=ja)
- [zh-TW](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=zh-tw)
- [vi](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=391873&lang=vi)

---

More free questions: [NCLEX-RN 題庫](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_bank.php?lang=zh-tw)

_僅供學習參考。實際臨床請遵循最新指引與所屬機構規範。_