# 一名82歲中度阿茲海默失智症病人每晚17時至20時間進行性出現躁動、坐立不安、定向感障礙。護理師應最先採取下列何項非藥物介入？

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=372904&lang=zh-tw  
> language: zh-TW  
> subject: NCLEX-RN  
> category: BCC

## 題目

一名82歲中度阿茲海默失智症病人每晚17時至20時間進行性出現躁動、坐立不安、定向感障礙。護理師應最先採取下列何項非藥物介入？

## 選項

1. 立即給予PRN lorazepam以防進一步惡化。
2. 維持一致日間活動，限制白天小睡，並於日落前午後拉開窗簾與打開明亮燈光以增加環境光線。 **✔ 正確答案**
3. 晚間限制家屬探視以降低過度刺激。
4. 一出現坐立不安立即使用軟式手腕約束以防跌倒。

**正確答案: 2**

## 解析

日落症候群為失智症病人午後至晚間之躁動/定向力惡化。實證一線介入為非藥物：維持一致日間時程、限制白天小睡、日落前增加環境光線以強化生理時鐘訊號。Lorazepam（1）增加長者譫妄風險（Beers準則）；限制家屬（3）去除安撫效果；約束（4）惡化躁動、傷害與譫妄，絕不可作為首選。

## 深入解析

日落症候群為僅次於遊走之NCLEX失智症考點。考題獎勵強光、結構化時程、簡化環境、再定向與家屬參與；benzo與約束為預期之干擾選項。

## 臨床情境

**82歲中度阿茲海默失智症病人**每晚17-20時呈現**日落症候群**（躁動、坐立不安、定向感惡化）。無常規抗精神病藥；家屬詢問居家因應方式。

## 重要概念

- **日落症候群** — 失智症病人午後至晚間之躁動、定向感障礙與坐立不安。
- **強光療法** — 於午後增加環境光線以強化生理時鐘並降低晚間混亂。
- **Beers準則** — AGS之老年人潛在不適當用藥清單；列出benzodiazepine與多種抗精神病藥。

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