# An RN realizes at 0900 that a pain assessment performed yesterday at 1700 was never documented. Which entry is the correct way to add this information now?

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=372702&lang=en  
> language: en  
> subject: Performance Improvement  
> category: MOC

## Question

An RN realizes at 0900 that a pain assessment performed yesterday at 1700 was never documented. Which entry is the correct way to add this information now?

## Option

1. Write a new entry dated and timed today, headed "Late entry for [yesterday] 1700," describe the assessment factually, and sign. **✔ Correct answer**
2. Document the pain assessment within yesterday's 1700 note, adding it as an addendum between the existing text and signature.
3. Call the unit clerk and ask them to change the electronic chart so today’s note displays a 1700 timestamp from yesterday.
4. Create a new note with yesterday’s date and 1700 timestamp, then enter the pain assessment as though charted on time.

**Correct answer: 1**

## Explanation

Late entries must be transparent. Document at the current date and time, label the note as a late entry, reference the date and time of the original event, record only factual information, and sign according to policy. Backdating, inserting text between existing entries, or altering the original timestamp compromises the record's chronological integrity. Therefore choices 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.

## In-depth explanation

Documentation principles for late entries: (1) Write entry at the time you actually document it. (2) Label it explicitly: "Late entry [original event date and time]." (3) Document facts and observations, not speculation about why it was missed. (4) Never alter, overwrite, or insert into existing entries. (5) Sign and credential. Electronic health records typically log every change; attempted backdating or chart alteration is detected and treated as falsification under HIPAA, state nursing board rules, and federal False Claims Act if billing is affected.

## Clinical scenario

An RN realizes at **0900 today** that a **pain assessment** performed **yesterday at 1700** was never documented. The patient has since been transferred to a step-down unit. The nurse must add this missing information to the chart correctly.

## Key concepts

- **Late Entry** — A documentation entry made after the time of the actual event. To be acceptable, it must be written at the time of charting, explicitly labeled "Late entry," reference the original event date and time, describe facts only, and be signed. Inserting or backdating is falsification.
- **Chart Falsification** — Altering, omitting, or inserting documentation to misrepresent care or timing. Includes backdating, deleting entries without proper amendment, and inserting between existing entries. Subject to nursing board action, civil liability, and possible criminal charges.
- **Electronic Health Record (EHR) Audit Trail** — Automatic system log of every view, edit, and timestamp in an electronic chart. Cannot be deleted by clinical staff and is routinely reviewed in malpractice and licensure investigations to detect tampering.

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