# X-rays showed _____, abnormal loss of bone mass leading to increased fracture risk.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168479  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

## 문제

X-rays showed _____, abnormal loss of bone mass leading to increased fracture risk.

## 보기

1. osteoporosis **✔ 정답**
2. osteoarthritis
3. osteomyelitis
4. osteomalacia
5. osteosclerosis

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and deterioration of bone structure. This leads to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The condition occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation. Risk factors include age, female gender, low calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, and certain medications.

## 임상 시나리오

Osteoporosis:
- Bone density reduction and weakening
- Primary types: postmenopausal (Type 1), age-related (Type 2)
- Risk factors: aging, menopause, smoking, alcohol, low BMI
- Diagnostic tools: DEXA scan, bone density measurements
- Prevention: calcium intake, vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise
- Treatment options: bisphosphonates, hormone therapy
- Common fracture sites: hip, spine, wrist
- Bone remodeling imbalance: excessive resorption
- Biochemical markers: elevated bone turnover markers
- Clinical symptoms: height loss, back pain, stooped posture
- Complications: mobility issues, chronic pain
- Screening recommendations: women over 65, at-risk men
- Lifestyle modifications: fall prevention, balance training
- Monitoring: regular bone density checks
- Associated conditions: hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism

## 핵심 개념

- **osteoporosis** — A condition characterized by decreased bone density and mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures
- **osteoarthritis** — A degenerative joint disease characterized by breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, causing pain and stiffness
- **osteomyelitis** — An infection of bone tissue, typically caused by bacteria, resulting in inflammation and destruction of bone
- **osteomalacia** — A condition of softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization, typically caused by vitamin D deficiency
- **osteosclerosis** — An abnormal hardening and increased density of bone tissue, resulting in bones that are more dense but potentially more brittle

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