# Endoscopy revealed _____, an abnormal protrusion of the stomach lining through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168475  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the digestive system

## 문제

Endoscopy revealed _____, an abnormal protrusion of the stomach lining through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

## 보기

1. hernia **✔ 정답**
2. ulcer
3. polyp
4. stricture
5. fistula

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Hernia is a condition where an organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weakness in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. In the digestive system, hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm. This can lead to symptoms like heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Risk factors include obesity, pregnancy, and aging.

## 임상 시나리오

1. Types of Hernias:
- Hiatal hernia
- Inguinal hernia
- Umbilical hernia
- Incisional hernia
- Femoral hernia

2. Symptoms of Hernia:
- Bulging or swelling
- Pain or discomfort
- Acid reflux (GERD)
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chest pain

3. Risk Factors:
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Heavy lifting
- Chronic cough
- Aging
- Smoking

4. Diagnostic Methods:
- Physical examination
- Endoscopy
- Barium swallow
- CT scan
- MRI

5. Treatment Options:
- Watchful waiting
- Lifestyle changes
- Medication
- Surgery (laparoscopic/open)
- Hernia mesh repair

6. Complications:
- Strangulation
- Incarceration
- Bowel obstruction
- Tissue death
- Internal bleeding

## 핵심 개념

- **hernia** — A condition where an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue wall that normally contains it
- **ulcer** — An open sore that develops on the inner lining of the stomach or small intestine due to damage to the mucous membrane
- **polyp** — A small growth of tissue that protrudes from the mucous membrane, commonly found in the colon, rectum, or stomach
- **stricture** — An abnormal narrowing of a passage or tube in the body, often causing obstruction or reduced flow
- **fistula** — An abnormal connection or passageway between two organs or vessels that normally do not connect

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