# The patient developed _____, a severe respiratory infection characterized by high fever and consolidation of lung tissue.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168473  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the respiratory system

## 문제

The patient developed _____, a severe respiratory infection characterized by high fever and consolidation of lung tissue.

## 보기

1. pneumonia **✔ 정답**
2. bronchitis
3. pleurisy
4. asthma
5. emphysema

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. It can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The infection leads to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli, causing consolidation visible on chest X-rays. Symptoms include fever, cough with sputum production, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.

## 임상 시나리오

Pneumonia:
- Acute inflammatory condition affecting lung parenchyma
- Causes: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, viruses, fungi
- Clinical features: fever, productive cough, dyspnea, chest pain
- Physical findings: decreased breath sounds, crackles, dullness to percussion
- Diagnostic tests: chest X-ray shows infiltrates/consolidation
- Complications: pleural effusion, empyema, respiratory failure
- Treatment: antibiotics, supportive care, oxygen therapy
- Prevention: vaccination, smoking cessation, good hygiene
- Risk factors: age, immunocompromised status, chronic diseases
- Types: community-acquired, hospital-acquired, aspiration pneumonia

## 핵심 개념

- **pneumonia** — An acute or chronic infection of the lungs characterized by inflammation of the alveoli and bronchioles, often filled with fluid or pus, causing fever, cough, and difficulty breathing
- **bronchitis** — Inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs, causing coughing with mucus, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath
- **pleurisy** — Inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs, causing sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing
- **asthma** — A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing
- **emphysema** — A chronic lung condition where the alveoli are damaged and enlarged, reducing the lung's ability to transfer oxygen to the blood, causing shortness of breath and chronic cough

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