# The patient developed _____, characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways causing recurrent wheezing and breathlessness.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168470  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the respiratory system

## 문제

The patient developed _____, characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways causing recurrent wheezing and breathlessness.

## 보기

1. asthma **✔ 정답**
2. bronchitis
3. emphysema
4. pneumonia
5. pleurisy

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. This leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Triggers can include allergens, exercise, cold air, or stress. The condition involves both airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, requiring long-term management.

## 임상 시나리오

Asthma:
- Chronic inflammatory disease of airways
- Main symptoms: wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath
- Triggers: allergens, cold air, exercise, stress, infections
- Pathophysiology: airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion
- Treatment options: bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids
- Types: allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, exercise-induced
- Risk factors: family history, allergies, obesity, smoking
- Diagnosis methods: spirometry, peak flow measurement
- Common medications: albuterol, fluticasone, montelukast
- Prevention: avoiding triggers, maintaining good air quality
- Complications: status asthmaticus, respiratory failure
- Management: asthma action plan, regular monitoring
- Associated conditions: allergic rhinitis, GERD
- Emergency signs: severe breathlessness, blue lips/fingers
- Long-term control: environmental modifications, medication adherence

## 핵심 개념

- **asthma** — A chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing
- **bronchitis** — An inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to and from the lungs, often causing coughing with mucus, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath
- **emphysema** — A lung condition where the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, causing shortness of breath due to reduced lung elasticity and trapped air
- **pneumonia** — An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing
- **pleurisy** — An inflammation of the pleura, the tissue that lines the lungs and chest wall, causing sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing

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