# Blood tests revealed _____, an allergic condition characterized by elevated levels of specific antibodies.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168465  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

## 문제

Blood tests revealed _____, an allergic condition characterized by elevated levels of specific antibodies.

## 보기

1. hypersensitivity **✔ 정답**
2. immunodeficiency
3. autoimmunity
4. tolerance
5. immunity

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a substance. It involves elevated levels of IgE antibodies that react to specific allergens. This reaction can range from mild (like hay fever) to severe (like anaphylaxis). The condition involves immune cells releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and respiratory distress.

## 임상 시나리오

• Types of Hypersensitivity:
- Type I: Immediate (IgE-mediated)
- Type II: Cytotoxic (IgG/IgM-mediated)
- Type III: Immune Complex
- Type IV: Delayed-type

• Key Components:
- IgE antibodies
- Mast cells
- Basophils
- Histamine
- Inflammatory mediators

• Common Triggers:
- Pollen
- Dust mites
- Food allergens
- Medications
- Insect venom

• Clinical Manifestations:
- Urticaria
- Rhinitis
- Asthma
- Anaphylaxis
- Atopic dermatitis

• Diagnostic Tests:
- Skin prick test
- Specific IgE blood test
- Total IgE levels
- Tryptase levels
- Challenge tests

• Treatment Options:
- Antihistamines
- Corticosteroids
- Immunotherapy
- Epinephrine
- Avoidance strategies

## 핵심 개념

- **hypersensitivity** — An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a substance, characterized by elevated levels of IgE antibodies that react to specific allergens, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and respiratory distress
- **immunodeficiency** — A condition where the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent, making a person susceptible to infections
- **autoimmunity** — A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, causing various diseases where the body's tissues are attacked by its own immune system
- **tolerance** — The immune system's state of unresponsiveness to substances that would otherwise trigger an immune response, preventing harmful reactions to harmless substances
- **immunity** — The body's ability to resist infection and disease through the actions of specific antibodies and sensitized white blood cells

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