# The patient experienced _____, severe chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168463  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the circulatory system

## 문제

The patient experienced _____, severe chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

## 보기

1. angina **✔ 정답**
2. dyspnea
3. syncope
4. palpitation
5. edema

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. It often feels like pressure, squeezing, or burning in the chest. Common triggers include physical exertion, emotional stress, cold temperature, and heavy meals. While not a heart attack, angina is a warning sign of underlying coronary artery disease.

## 임상 시나리오

• Angina Types:
- Stable angina: Predictable, triggered by physical exertion
- Unstable angina: Occurs at rest, more severe
- Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina: Caused by coronary artery spasm
- Microvascular angina: Affects small coronary arteries

• Symptoms:
- Chest pressure/tightness
- Pain radiating to arms/neck/jaw
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Sweating

• Risk Factors:
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Family history
- Age

• Treatment Options:
- Nitroglycerin
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- Antiplatelet medications
- Lifestyle modifications

• Diagnostic Tests:
- ECG/EKG
- Stress test
- Coronary angiogram
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram

## 핵심 개념

- **angina** — Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, typically characterized by pressure, squeezing, or burning sensation in the chest
- **dyspnea** — Difficult or labored breathing, often described as shortness of breath or breathlessness
- **syncope** — Temporary loss of consciousness and muscle control due to insufficient blood flow to the brain, commonly known as fainting
- **palpitation** — Awareness of abnormal or rapid heartbeats, often experienced as fluttering, racing, or pounding in the chest
- **edema** — Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues, commonly occurring in legs, ankles, and feet

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