# CT scan showed _____, a condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168461  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the respiratory system

## 문제

CT scan showed _____, a condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall.

Source: Scene from House M.D. Season 1, Episode 9

## 보기

1. pneumothorax **✔ 정답**
2. hemothorax
3. empyema
4. atelectasis
5. pleuritis

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung caused by air leaking into the pleural space between the lung and chest wall. It can be spontaneous, traumatic, or iatrogenic. Symptoms include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and rapid breathing. The condition can be life-threatening if not treated promptly, particularly if it's a tension pneumothorax.

## 임상 시나리오

Pneumothorax:
- Types: Primary spontaneous, Secondary spontaneous, Traumatic, Tension
- Signs: Chest pain, Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Decreased breath sounds
- Diagnosis: Chest X-ray, CT scan
- Treatment options: Observation, Needle aspiration, Chest tube insertion
- Risk factors: Smoking, COPD, Tall/thin build, Previous pneumothorax
- Physical findings: Hyperresonance, Decreased tactile fremitus
- Complications: Respiratory failure, Shock, Cardiac arrest
- Emergency signs: Tracheal deviation, Hypotension, Cyanosis
- Prevention: Smoking cessation, Avoiding diving/high altitudes
- Recovery: Rest, Follow-up X-rays, Pleurodesis if recurrent

## 핵심 개념

- **pneumothorax** — A condition where air enters the space between the lung and chest wall, causing lung collapse. This can occur spontaneously or due to trauma.
- **hemothorax** — A condition where blood accumulates in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall, often due to chest trauma or surgery.
- **empyema** — A condition where pus collects in the pleural space, usually as a complication of pneumonia or chest surgery.
- **atelectasis** — A complete or partial collapse of lung tissue, often caused by blockage of airways or external compression.
- **pleuritis** — Inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that surrounds the lungs, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing.

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