# The patient developed _____, a severe infection characterized by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168455  
> language: ko  
> subject: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

## 문제

The patient developed _____, a severe infection characterized by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.

Source: Scene from Chicago Med Season 2, Episode 8

## 보기

1. bacteremia **✔ 정답**
2. viremia
3. septicemia
4. fungemia
5. parasitemia

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. While some episodes can be transient and harmless (as during dental procedures), persistent bacteremia can lead to sepsis. Common causes include infected wounds, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and infected medical devices. Symptoms may include fever, chills, rapid breathing, and increased heart rate.

## 임상 시나리오

Bloodstream Infections:

1. Bacteremia
- Definition: Presence of bacteria in blood
- Types: Transient, Intermittent, Continuous
- Common bacteria: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli

2. Clinical Manifestations
- Fever (>38.3°C)
- Chills and rigors
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Mental status changes

3. Diagnostic Tests
- Blood cultures
- Complete blood count
- Procalcitonin levels
- Blood chemistry panel

4. Risk Factors
- Immunocompromised status
- Invasive procedures
- Central venous catheters
- Recent surgery
- Chronic illness

5. Treatment Approach
- Empiric antibiotics
- Source control
- Hemodynamic support
- Monitoring vital signs
- Duration: 7-14 days typically

6. Related Conditions
- Sepsis
- Endocarditis
- Meningitis
- Osteomyelitis

7. Prevention Strategies
- Hand hygiene
- Aseptic technique
- Proper catheter care
- Vaccination
- Early removal of medical devices

## 핵심 개념

- **bacteremia** — A condition where bacteria are present in the blood, which can be either transient or persistent, potentially leading to serious infections
- **viremia** — The presence of viruses in the bloodstream, indicating a viral infection that has spread through the blood
- **septicemia** — A serious bloodstream infection that occurs when bacteria multiply in the blood, often leading to sepsis and organ dysfunction
- **fungemia** — The presence of fungi in the blood, typically occurring in immunocompromised patients and can be life-threatening
- **parasitemia** — The presence of parasites in the bloodstream, commonly seen in diseases like malaria where parasites infect blood cells

## 같은 주제 문제

- [Patient requires broad-spectrum ______ coverage due to suspected sepsis.](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168340)
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